Similarities and Differences in Essential Medicines Lists of 137 Countries: A Quantitative Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nav Persaud ◽  
Maggie Jiang ◽  
Roha Shaikh ◽  
Anjli Bali ◽  
Efosa Oronsaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Essential Medicines Lists ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Essential medicines lists for children of WHO, India, South Africa, and EML of China: A comparative study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liu ◽  
Jing Cheng ◽  
Ling-Li Zhang ◽  
You-Ping Li ◽  
Li-Nan Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Essential Medicines Lists

scholarly journals Comparison of essential medicines lists in 137 countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 394-404C ◽  
Author(s):  
Nav Persaud ◽  
Maggie Jiang ◽  
Roha Shaikh ◽  
Anjli Bali ◽  
Efosa Oronsaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Essential Medicines Lists

scholarly journals Compound Pronouns in English and Albanian

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Esmeralda Sherko
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This study concentrates on compound pronouns in English and Albanian. Compounding is considered as one of the most prolific word formation techniques in both languages. The study is made up of three basic parts: compounding is analysed theoretically; compound pronouns collected by the Dictionary of Contemporary Albanian Language and Oxford Student’s Dictionary are analysed; conclusions are drawn as of their similarities and differences. Albanian language provides interesting results as it includes a specific category of pronouns under a different heading than compounding and that is agglutinated pronouns. Compound pronouns are analysed quantitatively and qualitatively in both languages. Quantitative analysis deals with their positioning in relation to all compound words per each dictionary. Qualitative analysis deals with the elements constituting the compound pronouns. The study also pinpoints the differences and similarities between compound pronouns when translated from English into Albanian and vice versa. The study is illustrated with abundant examples in both languages. Statistic results of the study show that Albanian compound (agglutinated) pronouns outnumber the English compound pronouns→ 81: 18; also constituent structures of Alb. vs Eng. pronouns are →9:2. Translation of pronouns from one language into the other: one English pronoun – different Albanian pronouns and vice versa.

scholarly journals Assessing variation among the national essential medicines lists of 21 high-income countries: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045262
Author(s):  
Michael Sergio Taglione ◽  
Nav Persaud
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Income ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Essential Medicine List ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Essential Medicines Lists

ObjectiveEssential medicines lists have been created and used globally in countries that range from low-income to high-income status. The aim of this paper is to compare the essential medicines list of high-income countries with each other, the WHO’s Model List of Essential Medicines and the lists of countries of other income statuses.DesignHigh-income countries were defined by World Bank classification. High-income essential medicines lists were assessed for medicine inclusion and were compared with the subset of high-income countries, the WHO’s Model List and 137 national essential medicines lists. Medicine lists were obtained from the Global Essential Medicines database. Countries were subdivided by income status, and the groups’ most common medicines were compared. Select medicines and medicine classes were assessed for inclusion among high-income country lists.ResultsThe 21 high-income countries identified were most like each other when compared with other lists. They were more like upper middle-income countries and least like low-income countries. There was significant variability in the number of medicines on each list. Less than half (48%) of high-income countries included a newer diabetes medicines in their list. Most countries (71%) included naloxone while every country including at least one opioid medicine. More than half of the lists (52%) included a medicine that has been globally withdrawn or banned.ConclusionEssential medicines lists of high-income countries are similar to each other, but significant variations in essential medicine list composition and specifically the number of medications included were noted. Effective medicines were left off several countries’ lists, and globally recalled medicines were included on over half the lists. Comparing the essential medicines lists of countries within the same income status category can provide a useful subset of lists for policymakers and essential medicine list creators to use when creating or maintaining their lists.

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