Essential medicines lists for children of WHO, India, South Africa, and EML of China: A comparative study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liu ◽  
Jing Cheng ◽  
Ling-Li Zhang ◽  
You-Ping Li ◽  
Li-Nan Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Essential Medicines Lists

scholarly journals Empty shelves: selected essential medicines stockouts in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Wolvaardt ◽  
R Nemuntandani ◽  
I Kamungoma-Dada
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiretroviral Medication

Abstract Background Access to essential medicines in South Africa has been compromised by stockouts in health facilities. This study describes the occurrence of stockouts for a selection of essential medicines. Methods This cross-sectional study used secondary data retrieved from the Stop Stock Outs Project (SSP). A descriptive analysis was conducted on data from the 2013-2015 SSP case management database of routinely reported stockouts. Chi square tests of independence was conducted on data from the SSP 2015 annual telephonic survey to investigate associations between the occurrence of stockouts, the level of health facility and the type of health professional. Results 231 facilities reported 609 stockouts. Antiretroviral medication had the most stockout reports (78%; n = 475/609), followed by anti-infectives (17.1%; n = 104/609) and tuberculosis medication (4.9%; n = 30/609). The highest number of stockout reports were received from Gauteng province and the majority (71.09%; n = 150/211) of facilities reporting stockouts were in urban areas. There were more stockouts at ambulatory, rather than inpatient care, facilities however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusions This study confirms that South Africa experiences medicine stockouts for many of the essential medicines, with antiretroviral medication being the category most affected. The stockouts vary between provinces and the urban-rural divide but are an equal threat to both ambulatory and inpatient facilities. Key messages The pattern of stockouts experienced over a three-year period suggest that stockouts are ‘normal’ despite the substantive effects of treatment interruption – especially patients with HIV and/or TB. Antiretroviral therapy is at risk as a result of stockouts.

scholarly journals PUBLISITEITSBEVELE AS VONNISOPSIE VIR REGSPERSONE

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Pieter Gerhardus Du Toit
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Corporate Reputation ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Corporate Entity

This constribution addresses the issue of adverse publicity orders as a possible supplementary sentencing option for corporate offenders. In South Africa the fine is the primary sentencing option available to courts when imposing sentences on juristic persons. Fines, however, do not adequately serve the purposes of corporate sentencing. Publicity orders require the publication of an offender's conviction, sentence and the details of the offence to individulas or a group of persons (such as shareholders). An adverse publication order damages the corporate offender's reputation - a valuable asset to a corporate entity. It therefore serves the purposes of corporate deterrence. In this contribution criticim is levelled against the fine as primary sentencing option for juristic persons, the notion of corporate reputation is considered from a social and a legal perspective; a functional comparative study of adverse publication orders is presented and recommendations are made regarding the content of effective publicity orders.

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