New Exogeneity Tests & Causal Paths

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrishikesh D. Vinod
Keyword(s):  
Exogeneity Tests

Housing Development, Energy Consumption and Energy Prices

2013 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Lu Zou ◽  
K.W. Chau
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Floor Space ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Exogeneity Tests

New housing completions constitute a considerable share of the overall housing supply in Chinas current urban housing markets. We argue that large-scale new housing developments significantly increase energy consumption in the long run, thereby increasing energy prices. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of supply-side housing variables rather than demand-side housing variables on energy prices in Beijing. Supply-side housing variables include level variable (floor space) and growth variable (changes in floor space). We investigated their respective effects on energy prices. We tested for cointegration, Granger causality and weak exogeneity. Tests indicated that new housing completions exerted a positive long-term effect on energy prices. Hence, new housing development needs to improve energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Downs, Stokes and the Dynamics of Electoral Choice

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sanders ◽  
Harold D. Clarke ◽  
Marianne C. Stewart ◽  
Paul Whiteley
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Party Leader ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Election Study ◽  
Party Choice ◽  
Electoral Choice ◽  
Exogeneity Tests

A six-wave 2005–09 national panel survey conducted in conjunction with the British Election Study provided data for an investigation of sources of stability and change in voters’ party preferences. The authors test competing spatial and valence theories of party choice and investigate the hypothesis that spatial calculations provide cues for making valence judgements. Analyses reveal that valence mechanisms – heuristics based on party leader images, party performance evaluations and mutable partisan attachments – outperform a spatial model in terms of strength of direct effects on party choice. However, spatial effects still have sizeable indirect effects on the vote via their influence on valence judgements. The results of exogeneity tests bolster claims about the flow of influence from spatial calculations to valence judgments to electoral choice.

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