Early Stage Design Decisions: The Role of Pre-Natural Ventilation Considerations in VOCs Emissions Mitigation in Educational Buildings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliaa Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
Educational Buildings ◽  
Early Stage Design

scholarly journals The influence of immersion and presence in early stage engineering designing and building

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Faas ◽  
Qifang Bao ◽  
Daniel D. Frey ◽  
Maria C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Design Performance ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Early Stage Design

AbstractThis paper explores the role of a designer's sense of engagement in early stage design. In the field of virtual reality, presence and immersion are standard measures of an individual's sense of engagement and involvement in an activity. High levels of presence might indicate that the designer is highly focused on the work. The central research question is the following: do designers who are more engaged in design activity, as measured by presence and immersive tendency questionnaires, produce better designs? An experiment was conducted to assess presence and immersive tendencies within the context of a hands-on, open-ended design-and-build activity. The results indicated that the designers' sense of immersion and presence ranged widely as well as their sense of frustration and calmness while performing the design activity. It was found that higher levels of presence correlated with either high design performance or low design performance. Lower levels of presence correlated with average design performance. No correlations were found between immersive tendency and design performance. This study suggests that some level of presence can be linked with better design, and it implies that level of presence might serve as an indicator of performance and learning in similar design-and-build activities.

scholarly journals The Role of Sketch Finish and Style in User Responses to Early Stage Design Concepts

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Macomber ◽  
Maria Yang
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
End Users ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Early Stage Design ◽  
Time Required

Conceptual sketches of design alternatives are often employed as a tool for eliciting feedback from design stakeholders, including potential end-users. However, such sketches can vary widely in their level of finish and style, thus potentially affecting how users respond to a concept. This paper presents a study of user responses to three objects drawn in styles ranging from rough hand sketches to CAD drawings. This study also considers the amount of design time required to create the sketches. Results show that respondents generally ranked realistic, “clean” hand sketches the highest over other types of sketches, particularly “rough” sketches. These types of sketches took longer than other types of hand sketches to create, but were still much faster than CAD renderings. Results also suggest that the complexity and familiarity of an object can influence how users respond to a sketch.

Reducing Detail Design and Construction Work Content by Cost-Effective Decisions in Early Stage Naval Ship Design

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Keane ◽  
Laury Deschamps ◽  
Steve Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
Defense Acquisition ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Work Content ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Naval Ship ◽  
Early Stage Design

The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense, Acquisition, Technology and Logistics (AT&L) recently presented analyses of cost and schedule growth on Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPs)over the last 20 years (2013, 2014). For naval ships, AT&L (2013) concluded that contract work content growth (not capability growth) dominates total cost growth statistically. In addition, costs-over-target are significant and reflect poor cost estimation or faulty framing assumptions. AT&L (2014) also concluded prices on fixed-price contracts are only “fixed” if the contractual work content remains fixed, but this is often not the case. The authors show that under-sizing the ship during concept design studies increases ship outfit density and adds complexities to the design. These early stage design decisions on sizing the ship are a major contributor to unnecessary work content growth later in Detail Design and Construction (DD&C) that cannot be eliminated no matter how productive the shipbuilder. However, new ship design methods are being developed and integrated with legacy physics-based design and analysis tools into a Rapid Ship Design Environment (RSDE)that will enable a more rational process for initially sizing ships. The authors also identify the need for early stage design measures of complexity and ship costing tools that are more sensitive to these measures, and proposed solutions that will aid decision-makers in reducing DD&C work content by making cost-effective design decisions in early stage naval ship design.

Reducing Detail Design and Construction Work Content by Cost-Effective Decisions in Early-Stage Naval Ship Design

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 110-123
Author(s):  
Robert G. Keane ◽  
Laurent Deschamps ◽  
Steve Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
Defense Acquisition ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Work Content ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Naval Ship ◽  
Early Stage Design

The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense, Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (AT&L) recently presented analyses of cost and schedule growth on Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPs) over the last 20 years (2013, 2014). For naval ships, AT&L (2013) concluded that contract work content growth (not capability growth) dominates total cost growth statistically. In addition, costs-over-target are significant and reflect poor cost estimation or faulty framing assumptions. AT&L (2014) also concluded prices on fixed-price contracts are only "fixed" if the contractual work content remains fixed, but this is often not the case. We show that under-sizing the ship during concept design studies increases ship outfit density and adds complexities to the design. These early-stage design decisions on sizing the ship are a major contributor to unnecessary work content growth later in Detail Design and Construction (DD&C) that cannot be eliminated no matter how productive the shipbuilder. However, new ship design methods are being developed and integrated with legacy physicsbased design and analysis tools into a Rapid Ship Design Environment (RSDE) that will enable a more rational process for initially sizing ships. We also identify the need for early-stage design measures of complexity and ship costing tools that are more sensitive to these measures, and propose solutions that will aid decision-makers in reducing DD&C work content by making cost-effective design decisions in early-stage naval ship design.

A review of functionality modelling in design

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Winsor ◽  
Kenneth MacCallum
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Consensus Methods ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Early Stage Design ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Representation Types

AbstractRecently there has been an increase in the number of computer aided design systems developed explicitly representing knowledge about the functionality of engineering designs. Reviewing these systems provides an understanding of the methods workers use to encapsulate knowledge of functionality within their systems. A number of issues are addressed to reveal the nature of their approaches. The developers' perception of functionality is discussed to identify variations in understanding of function and to establish the existence of any consensus. Methods of representing this knowledge are examined, thereby identifying representation types or combinations used and the advantages to be gained from any single representation. Illustrations of the manipulation of function shows how this type of knowledge can be used to support reasoning during early stage design. A survey of relationships with other design characteristics as a testimony to the manipulation of functionality is used to impact other aspects of a design. Through knowledge of relationships some models of the design process are posited by workers. A study of these bears evidence of the role of function in design and the stages at which its use is significant.

scholarly journals Early stage Design Workflow for high Energy Performance Multi-storey Residential Buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hachem ◽  
R. Beckett
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Early Stage Design

This paper presents a methodology to optimize building envelope energy performance for multi-storey residential buildings using a design performance model approach. Five analysis techniques, applied to a database of parametric simulation results, are proposed to derive information on various building performance features that can support early design decisions. Information may include optimal combination of design parameter values to achieve lowest energy consumption, or the relative impact of design parameters on a given design, such as a base case. A workflow template is established to provide support for the design process of energy efficient multi-storey residential buildings. This template can form a basis for the development of an interactive tool that integrates energy performance principles into early stage design decisions. The application of this methodology to a building in Vancouver (BC, Canada, 49°N) is presented as a case study. Results of this application demonstrates that adopting a specific combination of building envelope parameters, thermal load can be reduced by up to 85% as compared to a base case designed according to commonly built apartment buildings in the studied location.  

Good early stage design decisions can halve embodied CO2 and lower structural frames’ cost

Structures ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 343-354
Author(s):  
Cyrille F. Dunant ◽  
Michał P. Drewniok ◽  
John J. Orr ◽  
Julian M. Allwood
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Structural Frames ◽  
Early Stage Design

Learning abstract models for system design

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-169
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Y. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Detailed Simulation ◽  
Early Stage Design

AbstractThough simulation models are extensively used for detailed design analysis, they find limited role in preliminary design decisions. We have developed a machine learning based approach to enable detailed simulation models to be harvested for supporting early-stage design of engineering systems.

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