Testimony of Gail Heriot, Member, U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, Before the Committee on the Judiciary of the U.S. Senate, the 50th Anniversary of the Civil Rights Act of the 1957 and Its Continuing Importance (September 5, 2007)

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail L. Heriot
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Civil Rights Act ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals 'Sex' and Religion after Bostock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin S. Pandya ◽  
Marcia McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
First Amendment ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Employment Discrimination ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Title Vii ◽  
Lower Court ◽  
Civil Rights Act ◽  
Employer Discrimination ◽  
The U.S

This paper reviews the U.S. Supreme Court’s opinion in Bostock v. Clayton County (2020). There, the Court held that by barring employer discrimination against any individual “because of such individual’s . . . sex,” Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 also bars employment discrimination because an individual is gay or transgender. The paper then speculates about how much Bostock will affect how likely lower court judges will read other “sex” discrimination prohibitions in the U.S. Code in the same way, in part based on a canvass of the text of about 150 of those prohibitions. The paper also discusses the religion-based defenses that defendants may raise in response under Title VII itself, the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, and the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

Under The Law: The historic Bostock opinion and LGBTQ rights in schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Robert Kim
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Charter Schools ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Religious Schools ◽  
Civil Rights Act ◽  
Lgbtq Rights ◽  
The Law ◽  
The U.S

In Bostock v. Clayton, the U.S. Supreme Court held that discrimination against employees because they are gao or transgender violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Robert Kim summarizes the case and explains what the ruling means for schools. LGBTQ educators have historically faced discrimination, but such actions are now prohibited in nearly all public, private, and charter schools. Religious schools, however, may be exempt, and the ruling does not address other issues of discrimination in schools, such restroom access.

No Steps Forward, Two Steps Back: The Fallacy of Trying to “Eradicate” Adverse Impact?

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfred Arthur ◽  
David Woehr
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Employment Discrimination ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Unanswered Question ◽  
Employment Practices ◽  
Civil Rights Act ◽  
Employment Testing ◽  
Impact Theory ◽  
Critical Issues

Within the context of the 50th anniversary of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and specifically as it pertains to the tenets of Title VII, Lindsey, King, Dunleavy, McCausland, and Jones (2013) state: “This focal article raises and addresses critical issues regarding a yet unanswered question: How can organizational researchers and practitioners contribute to the ultimate goal of eradicating employment discrimination” (p. 391). We argue that in the context of employment testing and selection, at least as per the disparate impact theory of discrimination, this question is the wrong one—certainly as framed by Lindsey et al. To the contrary, instead of holding up the "eradication of employment discrimination" as our ultimate goal, perhaps we should continue to focus on the development, implementation, and support of the best (i.e., most job-related and valid) employment practices possible.

Justice and Empathy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Economic Equality ◽  
Civil Rights Act ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
American Society ◽  
The U.S

The Supreme Court long considered its highest mission to be the protection of individual liberty from intrusion by government, but the court shifted its focus to social and economic equality. This book explores this shift and its implications, especially for the legal protection of the vulnerable. Crucial to the author's perspective is an unconventional view of the role of judges—not simply to decide disputes, but to promote a respectful dialogue leading to a genuine understanding between parties. The U.S. Constitution, through its interpretation by the U.S. Supreme Court, deals with the protection of vulnerable people in American society. It focuses on the judge not as the sole determiner of equality or protection but as a leader who, through careful observation and guidance, promotes an interactive process among the parties in order to settle the matter in an empathic, mutually respectful way. The book points out that judges are not the only actors through whom democratic values founded on empathic mutual respect and accountability can be promoted. At the center of this study is the Civil Rights Act of 1968.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lane Windham
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Civil Rights Act ◽  
National Labor Relations Board ◽  
Private Sector Union ◽  
The U.S

This introductory chapter is about how historians have overlooked a wave of private-sector union organizing efforts in the 1970s. These efforts were led by the women and people of color who had gained new access to the nation’s best jobs following the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and who transformed the U.S. working class. This book uses National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) election records to show that an average of half a million workers a year went through NLRB elections in the 1970s. The fact that workers increasingly lost those elections due to weak labor law fed the nation’s new economic divide.

Black Power

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damion L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Direct Response ◽  
Civil Rights Act ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
African American Athletes ◽  
Racial Progress ◽  
The U.S

This chapter investigates the shifting political landscape after the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act as African American athletes increasingly began to use sport to challenge continued oppression rather than celebrate racial progress. It argues that the protest gestures of Tommie Smith and John Carlos in Mexico City were a direct response to the State Department's use of African American athletes as propaganda tools. Furthermore, the chapter shows that these athletes saw themselves as picking up Malcolm X's mantle and mission. Perhaps most significant, this chapter analyzes the minimalist response from the U.S. government to the protest gestures of Smith and Carlos to demonstrate how and why international pressure ceased to be a dominant impetus for racial reform in the United States by 1968.

The legacies of the U.S. Civil Rights Act, fifty years on

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Nagel ◽  
Josh Inwood ◽  
Derek Alderman ◽  
Ujju Aggarwal ◽  
Claire Bolton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Act ◽  
The U.S

Boureslan v. Aramco

1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-380
Author(s):  
Marialuisa S. Gallozzi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ◽  
Equal Employment Opportunity ◽  
Title Vii ◽  
Legislative History ◽  
Civil Rights Act ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

Plaintiff, a United States citizen employed in Saudi Arabia, brought an employment discrimination suit against defendant, a U.S. corporation, alleging violations of title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. §2000e (1982)). The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed (per Davis, J.) the district court’s dismissal of the suit for lack of subject matter jurisdiction and held (two to one): (1) that neither the language nor the legislative history of title VII evinces a clearly expressed congressional intent to apply title VII outside U.S. borders; (2) that in the absence of clearly expressed congressional intent to the contrary, the presumption against extraterritoriality controls; and (3) that no “negative inference” extending the reach of title VII should be drawn from its “alien exemption” provision. Judge King’s dissent discussed international law principles not addressed by the majority. The Fifth Circuit subsequently granted on December 23, 1988, the petition for rehearing en banc submitted by plaintiff and various amici, including the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).

Historical Introduction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 2-5
Author(s):  
R. D. Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Primary Electrons ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Mutual Agreement

This program has been organized by the EMSA to commensurate the 50th anniversary of the experimental verification of the wave nature of the electron. Davisson and Germer in the U.S. and Thomson and Reid in Britian accomplished this at about the same time. Their findings were published in Nature in 1927 by mutual agreement since their independent efforts had led to the same conclusion at about the same time. In 1937 Davisson and Thomson shared the Nobel Prize in physics for demonstrating the wave nature of the electron deduced in 1924 by Louis de Broglie.The Davisson experiments (1921-1927) were concerned with the angular distribution of secondary electron emission from nickel surfaces produced by 150 volt primary electrons. The motivation was the effect of secondary emission on the characteristics of vacuum tubes but significant deviations from the results expected for a corpuscular electron led to a diffraction interpretation suggested by Elasser in 1925.

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