Amicus Brief of Antitrust Professors and Scholars, Hosanna Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Et Al., No. 10-553, Supreme Court of the United States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barak D. Richman ◽  
Harry First
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equal Employment Opportunity ◽  
Employment Opportunity ◽  
Lutheran Church ◽  
Equal Employment ◽  
Evangelical Lutheran Church ◽  
Evangelical Lutheran

Norwegian Ecclesiastical Affiliation in Three Countries: a Challenge to Earlier Historiography

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 359-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Hale
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
New World ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Lutheran Church ◽  
Evangelical Lutheran Church ◽  
Evangelical Lutheran

AbstractHistorians like Oscar Handlin and Timothy L. Smith asserted that international migration, especially that of Europeans to North America, was a process which reinforced traditional religious loyalties. In harmony with this supposed verity, a venerable postulate in the tradition of Scandinavian-American scholarship was that most Norwegian immigrants in the New World (the overwhelming majority of whom had been at least nominal members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Norway) clung to their birthright religious legacy and affiliated with Lutheran churches after crossing the Atlantic (although for many decades it has been acknowledged that by contrast, vast numbers of their Swedish-American and Danish-American counterparts did not join analogous ethnic Lutheran churches). In the present article, however, it is demonstrated that anticlericalism and alienation from organised religious life were widespread in nineteenth-century Norway, where nonconformist Christian denominations were also proliferating. Furthermore, in accordance with these historical trends, the majority of Norwegian immigrants in the United States of America and Southern Africa did not affiliate with Lutheran churches. Significant minorities joined Baptist, Methodist, and other non-Lutheran religious fellowships, but the majority did not become formally affiliated with either Norwegian or pan-Scandinavian churches.

scholarly journals The Confessional History of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States

1892 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
John Nicum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Present State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lutheran Church ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern Pennsylvania ◽  
Evangelical Lutheran Church ◽  
Evangelical Lutheran

To the earliest Protestant communions which found a home upon the hospitable shores of North America belongs the Evangelical Lutheran Church. As early as 1638 a colony, professing the Lutheran faith, arrived from Sweden. They purchased from the Indians a tract of land, lying in Eastern Pennsylvania and in the present State of Delaware, established a number of churches, built houses of worship, and were served by devout and liberally educated ministers.

AT&T and the Private-Sector Origins of Private-Sector Affirmative Action

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benton Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equal Employment Opportunity ◽  
Federal Communications Commission ◽  
Employment Opportunity ◽  
Promotion Policies ◽  
Sector Employer

In January 1973, American Telephone & Telegraph, then the world's largest private-sector employer, entered into a Consent Decree with the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. In this decree, following a fourteen-month dispute before the Federal Communications Commission,at&tagreed to implement specific goals and timetables for hiring women in traditionally male jobs, men in traditionally female jobs, and minorities in jobs in which they had been traditionally underrepresented.at&t's adoption of affirmative action immediately preceded the routine application of affirmative action hiring and promotion policies in large, private-sector U.S. firms regardless of federal contractor status. Nonetheless, the importance ofat&t's action remains misunderstood by critics and supporters of affirmative action alike.

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