The Linkage between Household and Government Expenditure on Higher Education

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivedita Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Government Expenditure

scholarly journals Joint and Cross-Border Patents as Proxies for International Technology Diffusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Lin Chang ◽  
Michael McAleer ◽  
Ju-Ting Tang
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Technology Diffusion ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
International Technology Diffusion

With the advent of globalization, economic and financial interactions among countries have become widespread. Given technological advancements, the factors of production can no longer be considered to be just labor and capital. In the pursuit of economic growth, every country has sensibly invested in international cooperation, learning, innovation, technology diffusion and knowledge, and outward direct investment. In this paper, we use a panel data set of 40 countries from 1981 to 2008 and a negative binomial model, using a novel set of cross-border patents and joint patents as proxy variables for technology diffusion, in order to investigate such diffusion. The empirical results suggest that, if it is desired to shift from foreign to domestic technology, it is necessary to increase expenditure on R&D for business enterprises and higher education, exports and technology. If the focus is on increasing bilateral technology diffusion, it is necessary to increase expenditure on R&D for higher education and technology. It is also found that outward foreign direct investment has no significant impact on either joint or cross-border patents, whereas inward foreign direct investment has a significant negative impact on cross-border patents but no impact on joint patents. Moreover, government expenditure on higher education has a significant impact on both cross-border and joint patents.

scholarly journals The Impact of Higher Education on Economic Growth in ASEAN-5 Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Paravee Maneejuk ◽  
Woraphon Yamaka
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzed the nonlinear impacts of education, particularly higher education, on economic growth in the ASEAN-5 countries (i.e., Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines) over the period 2000–2018. The impacts of education on economic growth are assessed through various education indicators, consisting of public expenditure on tertiary education per student, enrolment rates of primary, secondary, and tertiary levels, educated workforce, and the novel indicator of unemployment rates with advanced education. This study establishes nonlinear regression models—the time-series kink regression and the panel kink regression—to investigate the kink effects of education on the individual country’s economic growth and the ASEAN-5 region, respectively. There are three main findings. Firstly, the nonlinear effects of the government expenditure per tertiary student on economic growth are confirmed for the ASEAN-5 region. However, the impacts do not follow the law of diminishing returns. Secondly, our findings reveal that an increase in unemployment of advanced educated workers can positively or negatively impact economic growth, which requires an appropriate policy to handle the negative impacts. Lastly, secondary and higher education enrollment rates can contribute to the ASEAN-5’s economic growth (both the individual and regional levels). However, the regional analysis reveals that higher education impacts become twice as strong when the enrollment rates are greater than a certain level (a kink point). Therefore, we may conclude that secondary enrollment rates positively affect economic growth; however, higher education is the key to future growth and sustainability.

scholarly journals Analysis of Higher Education Indicators Coherency in Central and Eastern Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
Andrea Andrejević Panić ◽  
Zagorka Lozanov-Crvenković
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Higher Education Policy ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Financial Models ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Education Indicators

AbstractBackground: Higher education has the main role in generating innovative activity in knowledge-based economies. Therefore, the efficiency of the higher education sector reflects the alignment of the higher education policy with government expenditure. However, countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE region) have been struggling with national budget optimisation, which can cause fiscal stress and thus affect the efficiency of higher education.Objectives: The main objective is to examine mutual interaction of higher education indicators, through formulating financial models that connect performance and financial indicators.Methods/Approach: A total of 4 higher education indicators were analysed and observed in the time period of 10 years in selected CEE countries. The statistical analysis was based on panel data models.Results: The main result of the paper is the analysis of coherency of selected higher education indicators in selected CEE countries in order to establish functional links between government expenditure and efficiency through formulating financial models.Conclusions: Formulated financial models can predict the behaviour of selected performance indicators, depending on financial indicators. Therefore, the obtained models can contribute to the efficient allocation of funds and comprehensive macro-level decision making assessments in higher education policy reforms.

scholarly journals Exploring the relationships between socio-economic indicators and student enrollment in higher education institutions of Pakistan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261577
Author(s):  
Syeda Mubashira Batool ◽  
Zhimin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Student Enrollment ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
General Government ◽  
The Impact

Higher education is considered as the engine of the economic development of a country due to its role in cultivating human capital. The provision of higher education is regarded as a productive investment in human capital for improving nation’s productive capacity. However, there is a large gap in enrollment between students of different socioeconomic statuses. The ever-widening socio-economic inequalities between individuals from disadvantaged and advantaged backgrounds make the government’s efforts to enroll a higher number of students to pursue higher education challenging in developing countries, as the students’ socioeconomic status plays a decisive role in their priority to attain higher education. This study anticipated quantifying the impact of socio-economic indicators and underlying situations on students’ enrollment in higher education in Pakistan. A descriptive study, involving correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), clustering, and stepwise regression using 15-years data of enrollment and socio-economic indicators was conducted. The correlation between different socio-economic indicators and students’ enrollment was positive and highly significant (0.73 to 0.99), except for the unemployment rate (- 0.39 to -0.57). PCA showed that the first two components were the most influential with 93.85% of the total variation. Enrollment (total and male) showed significant relationships with general government expenditure and unemployment rate, while female enrollment showed a significant relationship with general government expenditure. Findings revealed that socio-economic factors can serve as a significant predictor of students’ enrollment in higher education. The minimum values of correlation coefficient (R) and adjusted R2 for enrollment were ranged from 0.875 to 0.748 (female enrollment), while maximum values (0.987 to 0.993 and 0.973 to 0.983), respectively were observed for total enrollment. The findings will assist educationists, social scientists, and policymakers to better understand the association between socio-economic indicators and student enrollment in higher education for formulating future education policies for enhancing enrollment in higher education.

Cluttering in the Communicative Disorders Curriculum

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
John A. Tetnowski
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Opportunities For Learning ◽  
Communicative Disorders ◽  
Theoretical Issues

Abstract Cluttering is discussed openly in the fluency literature, but few educational opportunities for learning more about cluttering exist in higher education. The purpose of this manuscript is to explain how a seminar in cluttering was developed for a group of communication disorders doctoral students. The major theoretical issues, educational questions, and conclusions are discussed.

Systems of Oppression in Geriatric Clinical Service Delivery

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Diane L. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Clinical Service ◽  
Meaningful Change ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Medical Institutions

Purpose The purpose of this article was to extend the concepts of systems of oppression in higher education to the clinical setting where communication and swallowing services are delivered to geriatric persons, and to begin a conversation as to how clinicians can disrupt oppression in their workplace. Conclusions As clinical service providers to geriatric persons, it is imperative to understand systems of oppression to affect meaningful change. As trained speech-language pathologists and audiologists, we hold power and privilege in the medical institutions in which we work and are therefore obligated to do the hard work. Suggestions offered in this article are only the start of this important work.

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