Applying the Empirical Average Cost of Capital: Estimating the Cost of Funds at the Firm and Industry Levels

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard T. Olson ◽  
Michael S. Pagano
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Market value calculation and the solution of circularity between value and the weighted average cost of capital WACC

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 101-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Vélez-Pareja ◽  
Joseph Tham
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Equity Cost ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
The Cost

Most finance textbooks present the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) calculation as: WACC = Kd×(1-T)×D% + Ke×E%, where Kd is the cost of debt before taxes, T is the tax rate, D% is the percentage of debt on total value, Ke is the cost of equity and E% is the percentage of equity on total value. All of them precise (but not with enough emphasis) that the values to calculate D% y E% are market values. Although they devote special space and thought to calculate Kd and Ke, little effort is made to the correct calculation of market values. This means that there are several points that are not sufficiently dealt with: Market values, location in time, occurrence of tax payments, WACC changes in time and the circularity in calculating WACC. The purpose of this note is to clear up these ideas, solve the circularity problem and emphasize in some ideas that usually are looked over. Also, some suggestions are presented on how to calculate, or estimate, the equity cost of capital.

scholarly journals Cost of capital adjusted for governance risk through a multiplicative model of expected returns

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Apreda
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Linear Approximation ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Multiplicative Model ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Expected Returns ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Governance Risk

This paper sets forth another contribution to the long standing debate over cost of capital, firstly by introducing a multiplicative model that translates the inner structure of the weighted average cost of capital rate and, secondly, adjusting such rate for governance risk. The conventional wisdom states that the cost of capital may be figured out by means of a weighted average of debt and capital. But this is a linear approximation only, which may bring about miscalculations, whereas the multiplicative model not only takes account of that linear approximation but also the joint outcome of expected costs of debt and stock, and their proportions in the capital structure. And finally, we factor into the cost of capital expression a rate of governance risk.

scholarly journals USING THE CONCEPT OF TRANSACTION COSTS IN CAPITAL STRUCTURE MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Svetlana Viktorovna Lepeshkina
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Cost

The article discusses the theoretical aspects of issues related to the assessment of capital, the formation of its structure from the point of view of making management decisions in cost formation on its attraction and maintenance. The concept of “capital” is clarified from the point of view of its formation and subsequent efficiency assessment. The approach to the formation of capital structure concepts of the modern period on the development basis is justified. The method of estimating the cost of capital and the formation of the target capital structure, based on the inclusion of transaction costs in the cost of capital, which allows you to more accurately determine the size of these costs in relation to the amount of equity and more accurately generate the weighted average cost of capital of the organization. The empirical nature of the study allows us to use the proposed method of forming the capital structure in relation to various (individual) conditions of the organization’s functioning, followed by clarification of the parameters of decision-making based on the set goals of the organization’s activities.

scholarly journals Value Creation and Competitive Advantage: Empirical Evidence from Dividend Champions of the S&P 500

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Damilano ◽  
Nicola Miglietta ◽  
Enrico Battisti ◽  
Fabio Creta
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cost ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Research Show

The aim of the paper is to verify, through the measurement of value creation, the existence of a competitive advantage in those companies recognized as “Dividend Champions” in the S&P 500. The paper uses a quantitative and explorative method of research and is divided into two sections: in the first, it identifies, within the S&P 500, those companies that have systematically, for more than 40 years, distributed dividends that have grown each year (60 firms), and in the second, it gives a comparative analysis of the Return on Invested Capital and Weighted Average Cost of Capital of the analysed firms, in order to investigate the existence of a competitive advantage. The results of our research show that the “Dividend Champions” have, in comparison to their main competitors of reference in the US market, a lasting competitive advantage, in virtue of a higher profitability with respect to the cost of capital. Specifically, we can observe that the “Dividend Champions”, classified by sector, are also “Value Champions”, able to beat competitors and having a lasting competitive advantage

scholarly journals Pengaruh Corporate Governance dalam Memprediksi Biaya Ekuitas dengan Pendekatan Model Ohlson

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rivandi ◽  
Marlina Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Research Population ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ohlson Model

Abstract: Cost of equity a concept of cost in determining the real cost that must be borne by the company to obtain funds from a source or use of capital from each source of funds, then determine the average cost of capital of all funds used by the company. The method used in the measurement of equity costs is the Ohlson model. Research objectives to prove empirically the Effect of Corporate Governance in Predicting Equity Costs with the Ohlson Model Approach. Research population of manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample used using porposive sampling techniques amounted to 30 companies. The analysis method used uses a panel regression model. Based on the test results, it is empirically proven that (1) Family Ownership does not affect the cost of Equity, (2) Institutional Ownership negatively affects the cost of equity, (3) The Independent Board of Commissioners does not affect the cost of equity. الملخص: تكلفة الأسهم هي مفهوم التكلفة في تحديد مقدار التكاليف الحقيقية التي يجب أن تتحملها الشركة للحصول على أموال من مصدر أو استخدام رأس المال من كل مصدر للأموال، ثم تحديد متوسط تكلفة رأس المال (متوسط تكلفة رأس المال) لجميع الصناديق المستخدمة من قبل الشركة. الطريقة المستخدمة في قياس تكاليف الأسهم هي نموذج أولسون. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو إثبات ملكية الأسرة بشكل تجريبي، والملكية المؤسسية، ومجلس مفوضين مستقلين حول تكلفة الأسهم. البحوث السكانية لهذا البحث شركات في بورصة إندونيسيا. كانت العينة المستخدمة تقنية أخذ عينات هادفة بلغ مجموعها 30 شركة. الطريقة التحليلية المستخدمة هي نموذج انحدار اللوحة. بناءً على نتائج الاختبار، تثبت بشكل تجريبي أن (1) ملكية الأسرة ليس لها أي تأثير على تكلفة الأسهم، (2) الملكية المؤسسية لها تأثير سلبي على تكلفة الأسهم، (3) مجلس المفوضين المستقلين ليس له أي تأثير على تكلفة حقوق الملكية. Abstrak: Biaya ekuitas sebuah Konsep biaya dalam menentukan besarnya biaya secara riil yang harus ditanggung oleh perusahaan untuk memperoleh dana dari suatu sumber atau penggunaan modal dari masing-masing sumber dana, untuk kemudian menentukan biaya modal rata-rata (average cost of capital) dari keseluruhan dana yang dipergunakan perusahaan. Metode yang digunakan didalam pengukuran biaya ekuitas adalah model Ohlson. Tujuan penelitian untuk membuktikan secara empiris Kepemilikan Keluarga, Kepemiikan Institusional, dan Dewan Komisaris Independen Terhadap Biaya Ekuitas. Populasi penelitian perusahaan manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sampel yang digunakan mengunakan teknik porposive sampling berjumlah 30 perusahaan. Metode Analisis yang digunakan menggunakan model regresi panel. Berdasrkan hasil pengujian membuktikan secara empiris bahwa (1) Kepemilikan Keluarga tidak berpengaruh terhadap biaya Ekuitas, (2) Kepemilikan Institusional berpengaruh negatif terhadap biaya ekuitas, (3) Dewan Komisaris Independen tidak berpengaruh terhadap biaya ekuitas.

scholarly journals The effect of the board of directors’ characteristics on the cost of capital of the French companies

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Zéghal ◽  
Raef Gouiaa
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Equity Capital ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
Cost Of Equity Capital ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
The Cost

The board of directors and the cost of capital play fundamental roles in the profitability and the perennity of any business organization. The objective of this research is to try to evaluate the effect of the board of directors’ characteristics on the cost of capital of the French companies. The results of this study, based on a sample of 87 French companies belonging to the French index SBF120 during 2005, show that the majority of the board of directors’ characteristics have an important and significant effect on the cost of equity capital, on the cost of debt and on the balanced average cost of capital of the French companies

Exploration-Stage Implementation Variation

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Romney ◽  
Nathaniel Israel ◽  
Danijela Zlatevski
Keyword(s):  
Parent Training ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Triple P ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Parent Training Program ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Cost

The present study examines the effect of agency-level implementation variation on the cost-effectiveness of an evidence-based parent training program (Positive Parenting Program: “Triple P”). Staff from six community-based agencies participated in a five-day training to prepare them to deliver a 12-week Triple P parent training group to caregivers. Prior to the training, administrators and staff from four of the agencies completed a site readiness process intended to prepare them for the implementation demands of successfully delivering the group, while the other two agencies did not complete the process. Following the delivery of each agency’s first Triple P group, the graduation rate and average cost per class graduate were calculated. The average cost-per-graduate was over seven times higher for the two agencies that had not completed the readiness process than for the four completing agencies ($7,811 vs. $1,052). The contrast in costs was due to high participant attrition in the Triple P groups delivered by the two agencies that did not complete the readiness process. The odds of Triple P participants graduating were 12.2 times greater for those in groups run by sites that had completed the readiness process. This differential attrition was not accounted for by between-group differences in participant characteristics at pretest. While the natural design of this study limits the ability to empirically test all alternative explanations, these findings indicate a striking cost savings for sites completing the readiness process and support the thoughtful application of readiness procedures in the early stages of an implementation initiative.

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