Cost Functions and Determinants of Unit Cost Effects in Horizontal Airline M&As

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sveinn Vidar Gudmundsson ◽  
Rico Merkert ◽  
Renato Redondi
Keyword(s):  
Unit Cost ◽  
Cost Functions

EXACT AND SUPERLATIVE PRICE AND QUANTITY INDICATORS

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (S2) ◽  
pp. 335-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Erwin Diewert ◽  
Hideyuki Mizobuchi
Keyword(s):  
Number Theory ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Index Number Theory ◽  
Nonhomothetic Preferences ◽  
The Difference

The traditional economic approach to index number theory is based on a ratio of cost functions. Diewert defined superlative price and quantity indices as observable indices that were exact for a ratio of unit cost functions or for a ratio of linearly homogeneous utility functions. The present paper looks for counterparts to his results in the difference context, for both flexible homothetic and flexible nonhomothetic preferences. The Bennet indicators of price and quantity change turn out to be superlative for the nonhomothetic case. The underlying preferences are of the translation-homothetic form discussed by Balk, Chambers, Dickenson, Färe, and Grosskopf.

scholarly journals The Relation Between Prices of Factors and Goods in General Equilibrium

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Taradas Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Tapan Biswas
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Diagonal Condition

In an n x n economy, the relation between commodity prices and factor prices has been presented in terms of finite variations. Using a generalization of the dominant diagonal condition on the Jacobian of the set of unit cost functions, this paper shows that a rise in the price of any commodity will bring about an increase in the earnings of the corresponding factor, making no other factor better off than that factor while the earnings of at least one other factor will not increase. Strengthening the requirement further shows that the earnings of at least one factor will decline.

Operational and Environmental Comparison of Two Felling and Piling Alternatives for Whole Tree Thinnings in Quercus Coppices for Bioenergy Use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Tolosana ◽  
Rubén Laina ◽  
Raffaele Spinelli ◽  
Giovanni Aminti ◽  
Ignacio López-Vicens
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stand Damage ◽  
Residual Stand Damage ◽  
Whole Tree

Abstract A comparative study of motor-manual and mechanized felling and bunching was conducted when thinning dense coppice stands of the two most important oak species in Spain to obtain biomass for bioenergy use. In particular, the study matched chainsaw felling and manual piling against the work of a drive-to-tree feller-buncher in the very same sites. Productivity functions for felling and piling are fitted for each species. The derived unit cost functions show that the felling-bunching costs are lower for the motor-manual option in both species stands, particularly for the smaller tree sizes. Nevertheless, when the strongly reduced loading times in forwarding associated to the mechanization are taken into account, the total harvesting cost is often lower for the mechanized option. That is true for all tree sizes Q. ilex, and for trees larger than 13 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) for Q. pyrenaica. Residual stand damage was low to moderate, but always significantly greater for the mechanized option compared with the motormanual one. Soil damage was very low for both alternatives. The stumps experimented significantly greater damages in the mechanized felling and bunching, but further research is needed to determine if those damages have any impact on stump mortality, sprouting capability and future plants vigor. The greater productivity and level of tree damages found in Q.ilex when compared to Q. pyrenaica are likely due to the narrower and lighter crown of the latter.

Cost functions and determinants of unit cost effects in horizontal airline M&As

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 444-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sveinn Vidar Gudmundsson ◽  
Rico Merkert ◽  
Renato Redondi
Keyword(s):  
Unit Cost ◽  
Cost Functions

Cost management for concrete batch plant using stochastic mathematical models

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1065-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek M Zayed ◽  
Ibrahim A Nosair
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Batch Plant ◽  
Factor Share ◽  
Construction Operation

Assessing productivity, cost, and delays are essential to manage any construction operation, particularly the concrete batch plant (CBP) operation. This paper focuses on assessing the above-mentioned items for the CBP using stochastic mathematical models. It aims at (i) identifying the potential sources of delay in the CBP operation; (ii) assessing their influence on production, efficiency, time, and cost; and (iii) determining each factor share in inflating the CBP concrete unit expense. Stochastic mathematical models were designed to accomplish the aforementioned objectives. Data were collected from five CBP sites in Indiana, USA, to implement and verify the designed models. Results show that delays due to management conditions have the highest probability of occurrence (0.43), expected value of delay percent (62.54% out of total delays), and relative delay percent. The expected value of efficiency for all plants is 86.53%; however, the average total expense is US$15.56/m3 (all currency are in US$). In addition, the expected value of effective expenses (EE) is $18.03/m3, resulting in extra expenses (XE) of $2.47/m3. This research is relevant to both industry practitioners and researchers. It develops models to determine the effect of delays on concrete unit cost. They are also beneficial to the CBP management.Key words: concrete batch plant, delays, management conditions, cost models, cost management, stochastic mathematical models.

Marginal assessment of the cost and benefits of aphasia treatment: Evidence from community-based telerehabilitation treatment for aphasia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357633X2098277
Author(s):  
Molly Jacobs ◽  
Patrick M Briley ◽  
Heather Harris Wright ◽  
Charles Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Conduction Aphasia ◽  
Aphasia Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction Few studies have reported information related to the cost-effectiveness of traditional face-to-face treatments for aphasia. The emergence and demand for telepractice approaches to aphasia treatment has resulted in an urgent need to understand the costs and cost-benefits of this approach. Methods Eighteen stroke survivors with aphasia completed community-based aphasia telerehabilitation treatment, utilizing the Language-Oriented Treatment (LOT) delivered via Webex videoconferencing program. Marginal benefits to treatment were calculated as the change in Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R) score pre- and post-treatment and marginal cost of treatment was calculated as the relationship between change in WAB-R aphasia quotient (AQ) and the average cost per treatment. Controlling for demographic variables, Bayesian estimation evaluated the primary contributors to WAB-R change and assessed cost-effectiveness of treatment by aphasia type. Results Thirteen out of 18 participants experienced significant improvement in WAB-R AQ following telerehabilitation delivered therapy. Compared to anomic aphasia (reference group), those with conduction aphasia had relatively similar levels of improvement whereas those with Broca’s aphasia had smaller improvement. Those with global aphasia had the largest improvement. Each one-point of improvement cost between US$89 and US$864 for those who improved (mean = US$200) depending on aphasia type/severity. Discussion Individuals with severe aphasia may have the greatest gains per unit cost from treatment. Both improvement magnitude and the cost per unit of improvement were driven by aphasia type, severity and race. Economies of scale to aphasia treatment–cost may be minimized by treating a variety of types of aphasia at various levels of severity.

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