Opening the Black Box of Communication Policy-Making: Analysing Policy Change Through the Lenses of Networks and Discourse

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Pohle
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Communication Policy

scholarly journals Why We Should Use the Gini Coefficient to Assess Punctuated Equilibrium Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Constantin Kaplaner ◽  
Yves Steinebach
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Punctuated Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Theory ◽  
Punctuated Equilibrium Theory ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Precise Measure

Abstract Punctuated Equilibrium Theory posits that policy-making is generally characterized by long periods of stability that are interrupted by short periods of fundamental policy change. The literature converged on the measure of kurtosis and L-kurtosis to assess these change patterns. In this letter, we critically discuss these measures and propose the Gini coefficient as a (1) comparable, but (2) more intuitive, and (3) more precise measure of “punctuated” change patterns.

scholarly journals Playing the policy game: a review of the barriers to and enablers of nutrition policy change

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 2643-2653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Cullerton ◽  
Timothy Donnet ◽  
Amanda Lee ◽  
Danielle Gallegos
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Nutrition Policy ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
Neoliberal Ideology ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
State And Local

AbstractObjectiveTo progress nutrition policy change and develop more effective advocates, it is useful to consider real-world factors and practical experiences of past advocacy efforts to determine the key barriers to and enablers of nutrition policy change. The present review aimed to identify and synthesize the enablers of and barriers to public policy change within the field of nutrition.DesignElectronic databases were searched systematically for studies examining policy making in public health nutrition. An interpretive synthesis was undertaken.SettingInternational, national, state and local government jurisdictions within high-income, democratic countries.ResultsSixty-three studies were selected for inclusion. Numerous themes were identified explaining the barriers to and enablers of policy change, all of which fell under the overarching category of ‘political will’, underpinned by a second major category, ‘public will’. Sub-themes, including pressure from industry, neoliberal ideology, use of emotions and values, and being visible, were prevalent in describing links between public will, political will and policy change.ConclusionsThe frustration around lack of public policy change in nutrition frequently stems from a belief that policy making is a rational process in which evidence is used to assess the relative costs and benefits of options. The findings from the present review confirm that evidence is only one component of influencing policy change. For policy change to occur there needs to be the political will, and often the public will, for the proposed policy problem and solution. The review presents a suite of enablers which can assist health professionals to influence political and public will in future advocacy efforts.

Consumption and its Externalities: Where Economy Meets Ecology

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Princen
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Consumer Sovereignty ◽  
Marginal Improvement

If social scientists are going to make a contribution to environmental policy-making that is commensurate with the severity of biophysical trends, they must develop analytic tools that go beyond marginal improvement and a production focus where key actors escape responsibility via distanced commerce and the black box of consumer sovereignty. One means is to construct an ecologically informed “consumption angle” on economic activity. The first approach is to retain the prevailing supply-demand dichotomy and address the externalities of consumption and the role of power in consuming. The second approach is to construe all economic activity as “consuming,” as “using up.” This approach construes material provisioning in the context of hunter/gathering, cultivation, and manufacture and then develops three interpretive layers of excess consumption: background consumption, overconsumption, and misconsumption. An example from timbering illustrates how, by going up and down the decision chain, the consumption angle generates questions about what is consumed and what is put at risk. Explicit assignment of responsibility for excess throughput becomes more likely.

scholarly journals Missing in Analysis: Women in Foreign Policy–Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
Karen E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Policy Decision Making

Abstract Foreign policy analysis (FPA) opens the “black box” of the state and provides explanations of how and why foreign policy decisions are made, which puts individuals and groups (from committees to ministries) at the center of analysis. Yet the sex of the decision-maker and the gendered nature of the decision-making process have generally been left out of the picture. FPA has not addressed questions regarding the influence of women in foreign policy decision-making processes or the effects of gender norms on decision-making; indeed, FPA appears to be almost entirely gender-free. This article argues that “gendering” FPA is long overdue and that incorporating gender into FPA frameworks can provide a richer and more nuanced picture of foreign policy–making.

The Rising Hegemony of Mass Opinion

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Quirk ◽  
Joseph Hinchliffe
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
American Politics ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
Mass Opinion ◽  
Public Concerns

The Founding Fathers warned about the dangers of an “excess of democracy” and designed the Constitution in large part with a view toward preventing it. Judging from most commentary on American politics, with respect to most of the intervening two hundred years, they need't have worried: The mass public has only occasionally been a dominant force in national policy making. Elites, although often responding to broad public concerns, have usually defined the specific directions of policy change.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Factors and Process of the Changes in the Labor Policy -Analysis on the Revisions in the Labor Relations Law-

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (0) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Seonil Cho
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Labor Policy ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Labor Management ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Government

The purpose of this study is to analyze the reason and process of labor policy changes in Korea. For this purpose, I analyzed three cases which were made respectively in 1980, 1987, and 1997. An analytical tool for policy change process is basically modified from the view point of policy making process theory, adaptable to the Korean situation. In the authoritative government period, political factors were most influential to changes in the labor policy. But through the process of democratization, socio-economic factors are more influential on the change of labor-management relations acts than that of others. Besides, the changes in the policy making process and the policy contents are mainly affected by the power relations among labor-management-government. Also, the government took the initiative in the process of labor policy making. Accordingly, political factors were most influential on the agenda-setting phase of labor policy changes. But because of the democratization of society and the growth of the private sector, the role of government is increasingly restricted. As a result, the three participants of the labor policy change are now interacting strategically. Therefore, Policy change is mainly determined by the power balance among labor-management-government relations. Korean labor-management relations acts are generally outlined by the macro-factors such as political, economic and social factors. The revision of labor-management relations acts are less affected by the characteristics of the policy making system. The revision of individual labor-management relations acts are more affected by the economic factors, while that of the collective labor-management relations acts are more affected by political factors.

Micro-Sociology and New Wars: Visual Analysis of Terror Attacks During the “Intifada of the Individuals”

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzi Ben-Shalom ◽  
Rinat Moshe ◽  
Rony Mash ◽  
Amit Dvir
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
New Wars ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
New Perspective

This study explores the “black box” of face-to-face violence during terror attacks. It is based upon visual analysis of a representative sample of terror attacks that occurred in Israel during 2015–2016, a period which is labeled “The Intifada of Individuals.” We offer a new method for this purpose by using available materials that military sociologists can retrieve and employ when they use the “macro”-level framework in their study of “micro”-level actions. The abundance of audiovisual devices allows a new perspective of belligerent friction typical of “New Wars.” Our methodology includes a combination of video and audio materials from open sources. Our analysis untangles the complexities of belligerency by minimizing the overall occurrences to the actions of the antagonist, the disrupter, and the crowd. We discuss our understandings for policy making concerning armament of civilians and overcoming the manipulation of terror attacks by media, government, and terrorists.

scholarly journals Soul of a new machine: Self-learning algorithms in public administration

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Lasse Gerrits
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Self Learning ◽  
New Machine

Big data sets in conjunction with self-learning algorithms are becoming increasingly important in public administration. A growing body of literature demonstrates that the use of such technologies poses fundamental questions about the way in which predictions are generated, and the extent to which such predictions may be used in policy making. Complementing other recent works, the goal of this article is to open the machine’s black box to understand and critically examine how self-learning algorithms gain agency by transforming raw data into policy recommendations that are then used by policy makers. I identify five major concerns and discuss the implications for policy making.

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