Italian 'Class Action' Suits in the Field of Consumer Protection: 2016 Update

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remo Caponi
BMJ ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 330 (7490) ◽  
pp. 499.4
Author(s):  
Jeanne Lenzer

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
Stacy Clark

In September 2009, the First Circuit Court of Appeals decided Blue Cross & Blue Shield v. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, part of the class action suit known as In re Pharmaceutical Industry Average Wholesale Price Litigation. The First Circuit upheld a Massachusetts District Court finding that AstraZeneca violated Massachusetts’ consumer protection laws by manipulating the “average wholesale price” of its physician-administered injectable cancer drug Zoladex, leading to overpayment by the government, third-party payers, and consumers. This case, which highlights the persistent tension between pharmaceutical pricing flexibility and consumer protection, has important implications for similar pending class actions.Between 1991 and 2003, Medicare, as well as many private insurance companies, pegged reimbursement for certain pharmaceutical products to a national “average wholesale price” (AWP) for each drug. Although the amended 1991 Medicare Part B regulations3 that introduced the term “average wholesale price” failed to define it explicitly, there is some indication in the legislative history that AWP was intended to refer to the prices that physicians and pharmacists actually pay to the drug manufacturers.


2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-188
Author(s):  
Jack L. Pulec

Public Choice ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-179
Author(s):  
Chester S. Spatt

to-ra ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Wiwik Sri Widiarty

Abstract   First time of the many cases that harm the interests of consumers as well as to the need for information and the development of knowledge in the field of law today is known as the class action, the Government, and Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat give attention to consumers in Indonesia. Provisions governing Class Action contained in Law No. 32 Year 2009 on Protection And Environmental Management, and Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, and also law PERMA No.1 Year 2002 on Proces Class Action. In order to demand justice for the consumer losses caused by the business, the consumer has the right to demand their rights as set out in the Consumer Protection Act, that the dispute mechanism can be chosen voluntarily by the parties to the dispute, namely through the courts or out of court. The class action suit is a civil lawsuit filed by a group of people who have an interest in a similar problem, either one or more of their members to sue or be sued as representative of the group without any members of the group are involved directly in the judicial process. In connection with this there is the benefit of a class action lawsuit in consumer disputes in court, but to fight for their rights, the principle litigants with simple, fast, and low cost, and the determinants that be a reason to be eligible class action, both in practice as well as in its implementation.   Kata Kunci: Gugatan Class Action


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