: ( Main Features and Problems of Russian Economic Transition Process: Political Implications and Lessons for North Korea )

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasily Mikheev ◽  
Vitaly Shvydko
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Political Implications

Development Transition of a Riverine Tribe: A Study of the Misings in the Brahmaputra Valley

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-73
Author(s):  
Hori Chandra Morang ◽  
Hemanta Barman ◽  
M. P. Bezbaruah
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Brahmaputra Valley ◽  
Institutional Strengthening ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Riverbank Erosion ◽  
Basic Services

Scheduled Tribes form one of the most disadvantaged segments of the Indian population. The developmental interventions, including the constitutionally guaranteed affirmative action, have had limited success in bringing up the standards of living of these groups. This article focuses on a riverine tribe, the Misings, whose livelihood and developmental challenges are compounded by the recurrent floods and riverbank erosion. It is based on a study of developmental transition of this tribe inhabiting on the banks of the river Brahmaputra and its tributaries in upper Assam. It analyses socio-economic transition process among the tribe driven by the progressive forces of the spread of education and resulting occupational diversification. The levels of progress are found to vary depending on the degree of vulnerability of settlement locations—those bearing the brunt of recurrent floods and riverbank erosion are lagging behind in development attainments. To make the transition process more expeditious and inclusive, institutional strengthening for better delivery of basic services is suggested.

scholarly journals Transition Process: Russia and Ukraine Case

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Ballı ◽  
Muammer Tekeoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment Inflow ◽  
Real Gdp

This study analyses how real GDP growth, inflation, employment, foreign direct investment inflow and income equality for Russia and Ukraine changed during the process of economic transition from 1991 to 2011. Most opinions agree that initial conditions and economic situation of a country, natural resources, historical background and institutions affect the process of economic transition. We see that both Russia and Ukraine experienced a transitional recession in the early 1990s at the start of the transition and an increase in the inflation rate. The Gini indexes of Russia and Ukraine have increased dramatically. The unemployment also went up in both countries until 1999s and reached a peak 13% during the 1998 Russian crisis in Russia. The growth rates of both countries were below 1% until 1997-1998, although it started to increase, after 2000, it decreased sharply in 2008 because of the Global Economic Crisis experienced the same year.

scholarly journals Institutional Complementarity of Poland in Terms of Diversity of Capitalism

2016 ◽  
pp. 133-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Wysocki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Institutional Complementarity ◽  
Nearest Neighbours

Poland is one of the most significant examples of a transition country in Central and Eastern Europe. After 45 years of being a centrally planned economy Poland emerged at the end of the 1980’s a free-market economy. In 2004 Poland became a member of the European Union, which was another milestone in the transition process. Undoubtedly, institutions were a very important factor in Poland’s economic transition. It seems that the horizon of 25 years since the fall of communism has created a decent prospect to evaluate the balance of economic transition in terms of the quality of institutions. However, comparative studies do not analyse institutions separately, but consider them together in an institutional framework.The purpose of this essay is to examine the scope of the institutional complementarity of Poland in terms of Diversity of Capitalism. The main thesis of the article is that after more than two decades since the first stage of the economic transition, and one decade after joining the European Union, Poland’s institutional complementarity is, in general, at a satisfactory level. However, there is a very low level of institutional complementarity in the case of interaction between the labour market and the financial system. Furthermore, the Polish model of capitalism seems to be quite different from other countries from the peer group of transition economies (for example the Czech Republic or Hungary). The research method which was used in this essay includes statistical methods (in particular the K-Nearest Neighbours Method, K-Mean Method and Principal Component Analysis).

scholarly journals Horvátország európai integrációja a makroökonómiai mutatók tükrében

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Balázs Kotosz
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
State Participation ◽  
Growth Differences

The collapse of communist economies in Eastern Europe and former Soviet Union, as well as their subsequent transition towards market economies, was arguably one of the most far-reaching economic events of the 20lh century. Pain accom panied the economic transition process; all countries experienced a major fall in output after the start of reforms. The growth performance in transition economies was widely different by countries. The paper is looking for the reasons of the growth differences. Even if the initial conditions did not give the same possibilities to governments, early reforms has opened the way to market processes, which seems to be more efficient than state owned institutions in transition economies. In this context, the lower is the state participation, the highest is growth. Empirical analyses justify that GDP growth is higher in countries where state reallocation is decreasing and where tight fiscal policy has been kept.)

The administrative monopoly in China’s economic transition

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Guo ◽  
Angang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Transition Economies ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Transition Countries ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Administrative Monopoly ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Unique Type

Corruption in transition economies has become the very focus of many recent discussions on politics and economics. However, the existing research has not taken full account of the experience of the gradual transition countries, especially China, and the incentives for rent creation in the transition process. Based on existing studies in this field, this paper addresses a new category of corruption in transition economies. In the context of the rent seeking theory, the authors examine what they regard as a unique type of corruption in China—administrative monopoly (AM), and outline its essence, causes, forms, features, the scale of the rent created, and the dissipation of the rent.

The Causal Relationship Between Foreign Debt and Economic Growth: Evidence from Commonwealth Independent States

2021 ◽  
pp. 001573252110183
Author(s):  
Nermin Yasar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Independent States

This study investigates the relationship between external borrowing and economic growth in the Commonwealth Independent States during the period 1995–2018. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is employed to determine the co-integration relationship among the series and then vector error correction model (VECM) is used to analyse the causality between external debt and income. The obtained results suggest that there is a negative long-term unidirectional causal relationship running from external debt to GDP presenting a strong evidence of existence of debt overhang hypothesis. The possible reasons for this unidirectional causal relationship can be explained by poor management of provided financial resources and incomplete governance in economic transition process along with structural rigidities and immature institutions in these countries which, in the long term, resulted in insufficient capital charged to service external debt. The policymakers in these post-Soviet countries should not use foreign loans to capitalise the deficits in the economies; instead, they should be more determined in employing these funds in the areas that will create national value-added production and, thus, future income. JEL Classification: C10, F34, H63

scholarly journals Social stratification and ethnicity in post totalitarian Transylvania

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-112
Author(s):  
Valér Veres
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
The Social

The social and economic transition process from Romania reached in 1997 the stage when differences in wealth and income relate to social class position and a relative homogeneity of social strata regarding the possession of capital can be depicted. Using the tools of statistical analysis, Veres Valér investigates the tendencies of social stratification among the Hungarians from Romania and its determinants. The author applies the Erickson-n-Goldthorpe model, having in view theories of capital conversion as well. The study reveals a considerable correlation between social status and the extent of the social network of the individuals. Generally speaking, the density of the social network is higher among the middle classes and the intellectuals, whereas the elite (those occupying leadership positions) prefer rather the week ties.

scholarly journals Hope versus Reality: 20 Years of Economic Transition at the Turkish States of the Central Asia

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Balcılar
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Washington Consensus ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Development Patterns

Twenty years passed now since the countries of the Central and East Europe (СEE) and the former Soviet Union (FSU) have begun the process of transformation from command to market economy and from one-party to a democratic rule. The transition process, at the beginning at least, started with very optimistic expectations in all countries. Transition is expected, as stated in the so-called ‘Washington Consensus’, create unprecedented growth and development. No one could envision failure and traps stuck the development and democracy. After 20 years, the transition economies clustered into different clusters and several development patterns have arisen along with countries that are trapped into almost no development. Among the clusters Turkic states of the Central Asia forms a unique cluster. This study makes a comprehensive attempt to analyze the development patters that have arisen along the way 20-year long. Experiences of 20 years are placed under the microscope to identify successes and failures with regards to both, theory and policy. We set a benchmark for success and successful transition and determine the key factors that have led to success or failure. In the light of the global crises, it easier to identify shortcomings of transition. Major conclusion arising from the study is that the original concept of the ‘Washington Consensus’ has failed to fulfill expectations of growth and development, the state of the art seems to be confusion.

scholarly journals The Economic Transition of Czechoslovakia from Plan to Market

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef C Brada
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Transition Functions ◽  
Communist Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hybrid Economy ◽  
Near Future

The Communist government of Czechoslovakia was ousted in the so-called Velvet Revolution of November 1989, and the new regime adopted as its goal the transformation of the economy to one based on markets and private property, and also one more dynamic and productive than its predecessor. This unprecedented transformation poses a variety of intellectual, political and economic questions. At the same time that the economic system is being transformed, the government must also ensure that the hybrid economy that exists during the transition functions sufficiently well to maintain adequate living standards and to sustain political support for the reform process. In this paper, I examine the economic and intellectual legacies that have shaped the transition process in Czechoslovakia, describe the system changes implemented or contemplated for the near future, and briefly comment on macroeconomic performance.

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