1923 TTrk-Yunan NNfus MMbadelesi: Erken Cumhuriyet DDneminde Modern Devlet Pratikleri Ve DDnnnen Kimlikler (1923 Turkish-Greek Population Change : Modern State Practices and Changing Identities in Early Republican Era)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
PPnar ennnnk
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Greek Population ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Republican Era ◽  
Early Republican

scholarly journals Comics and Translation with a Multimodal Perspective in the Early Republican Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Göksel Öztürk ◽  
Aslı Özlem Tarakçıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Comic Strips ◽  
Cross Media ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Republican Era ◽  
Early Republican ◽  
Children's Periodicals

Comics has a “hybrid” interaction emerging from the “interplay” between pictorial and textual elements. However; many studies on comics translation focus on texts but disregarding pictures. Analyses performed by focusing on textual elements disregard pictorial and textual interactions, which is a kind of regression of the multimodal aspect of comics. One of the aims of this article is to treat comics on its own autonomy since comics is generally considered as a tool of other research areas. The present study investigates the functions of pictures and texts in the context of “pictorial turn” by keeping multimodal approach in perspective. Translated comics to be analysed are the first translated comic strips into Turkish after the alphabet reform. The very first concealed translations of comics during the Early Republican Era are analysed with a multimodal perspective considering historical context as well as cross-media interactions of pictures and texts. As the first Turkish translations of comics were published in children’s periodicals in the early Republican era, this article practices on multiple layers such as transformation of media, culture planning, and manipulation.

Through A Japanese Prism: Foreign influence and Chinese telecommunications in the early Republican era

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 858-894
Author(s):  
DAQING YANG
Keyword(s):  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Republican China ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Republican Era ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
Early Republican

AbstractThis paper examines the key modern infrastructure of telecommunications in early Republican China, through the eyes of a Japanese, Nakayama Ryûji, who served as a telecommunications adviser to the Chinese government from 1913 to 1928. Nakayama's numerous reports and recommendations to his Chinese employer and frequent confidential dispatches to the Japanese government, when read together, constitute a fascinating prism. They not only reveal problems as well as the potential in China's telecommunications sector, they also highlight Japan's efforts to compete with other foreign actors in China through the provision of Japanese equipment, expertise, and loans. While Nakayama strove to shape China's telecommunications development in ways that would, in his view, benefit both China and Japan, his efforts were often undercut by the aggressive actions of the Japanese government in China, such as the infamous Twenty-One Demands. Though promising at first, Japan's influence on China's modernization in the early Republican era came to be more limited, especially when compared with the final decade of the Qing Dynasty. Ultimately, what can be seen through this Japanese prism confirms that the development of an information infrastructure in modern China, as elsewhere, was as much shaped by technological and economic forces as it was influenced by political and diplomatic factors.

The District Magistrate Profession in the Early Republican Period: Occupational Recruitment, Training and Mobility

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odoric Y. K. Wou
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Government ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
The People ◽  
Republican Era ◽  
Administrative Leaders ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Early Republican ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Direct Implementation

The subject of magistrates, the local administrative leaders in the hsien, districts, is central to the study of Chinese government and society. The district has always been and still remains the basic administrative unit in China. Magistrates, the ‘offcials close to the people’, in the districts, are the chief administrators, who have always been singly responsible for the direct implementation of governmental policies at the local levels. Although several studies have been published on local administrators of the Ch'ing dynasty and the Communist period, district magistrates of the Republican era have been little studied.

Domesticating the avant-garde in a nationalist era: Aesthetic modernism in 1930s Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 29-53
Author(s):  
Duygu Köksal
Keyword(s):  
Low Grade ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Plastic Arts ◽  
High Modernism ◽  
Republican Era ◽  
Early Republican ◽  
Bourgeois Modernity ◽  
European Modernism

AbstractThis paper investigates the rise of aesthetic modernism in Turkey’s early republican era (i.e., the late 1920s and the 1930s), with an emphasis on the influence of international cultural currents on Turkey’s intelligentsia. The paper concentrates on the modernist ideas and works of the D Group, who advocated a high modernism in the plastic arts, and the literary modernism of the socialist poet Nâzım Hikmet (Ran). Firstly, it addresses the historiographical argument that aesthetic modernism in Turkey was a derivative enterprise, a low-grade replica of European modernism. Secondly, it argues that the early republican intelligentsia found itself in a dilemma with regard to modernist currents. For them, aesthetic modernism was a sign of the modern epoch, but it also carried a radical potential for a critique of bourgeois modernity. Aesthetic modernism not only promised change, functionality, and renewal, but also manifested such disturbing symptoms of modernity as individualism, melancholy, degeneration, and restlessness. The paper reaches the conclusion that figures such as the D Group artists and Nâzım Hikmet translated the avant-garde international currents of aesthetic modernism into the early republican context, opting for positive and optimistic versions of modernism rather than adopting its more alienating, pessimistic, and despairing features. Through their works, an intellectual debate on aesthetic modernism was initiated in early republican Turkey.

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