From Barrier to Resource? Modelling the Border Effects on Metropolitan Functions in Europe

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Sohn ◽  
Julien Licheron
Keyword(s):  
Border Effects ◽  
Metropolitan Functions ◽  
Resource Modelling

Effets de frontière en Thrace occidentale / Border effects in western Thrace

Géocarrefour ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-376
Author(s):  
Jacques Bethemont ◽  
Michel Sivignon
Keyword(s):  
Border Effects

Cross-Border Effects of R&D Tax Incentives

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodo Knoll ◽  
Nadine Riedel ◽  
Thomas Schwab ◽  
Maximilian Todtenhaupt ◽  
Johannes Voget
Keyword(s):  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Border Effects ◽  
Cross Border

Border effects on brightness: A review of findings, models and issues

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Kingdom ◽  
Bernard Moulden
Keyword(s):  
Border Effects

EFFECTIVENESS OF ISOLATION DISTANCE IN TURNIP RAPE

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. STRINGAM ◽  
R. K. DOWNEY
Keyword(s):  
Certified Seed ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Border Effects ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Contaminant Source ◽  
Isolation Distance ◽  
Spatial Isolation ◽  
Isolation Requirements ◽  
Isolation Distances ◽  
Contamination Levels

Isolation distances for turnip rape (Brassica campestris L.) were studied using the recessive genetic marker yg-7. Average contamination levels from six tests over 2 yr were 8.5, 5.8, and 3.7% at isolation distances of 46, 137, and 366 m, respectively. The 46- and 137-m distances were judged to be inadequate, and even the 366-m distance showed greater contamination levels than desirable. No significant border effects were observed and there were no detectable differences in contamination attributable to directional orientation of the isolation blocks with the contaminant source. The data suggest that the 50- and 100-m isolation requirements in Canada for Certified seed production of turnip rape be re-examined and that border removal in lieu of spatial isolation be seriously questioned.

scholarly journals Tree Crowns Cause Border Effects in Area-Based Biomass Estimations from Remote Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Nikolai Knapp ◽  
Andreas Huth ◽  
Rico Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Border Effects ◽  
Tree Crowns ◽  
Forest Inventory Data ◽  
Estimation Uncertainty ◽  
Voxel Space

The estimation of forest biomass by remote sensing is constrained by different uncertainties. An important source of uncertainty is the border effect, as tree crowns are not constrained by plot borders. Lidar remote sensing systems record the canopy height within a certain area, while the ground-truth is commonly the aboveground biomass of inventory trees geolocated at their stem positions. Hence, tree crowns reaching out of or into the observed area are contributing to the uncertainty in canopy-height–based biomass estimation. In this study, forest inventory data and simulations of a tropical rainforest’s canopy were used to quantify the amount of incoming and outgoing canopy volume and surface at different plot sizes (10, 20, 50, and 100 m). This was performed with a bottom-up approach entirely based on forest inventory data and allometric relationships, from which idealized lidar canopy heights were simulated by representing the forest canopy as a 3D voxel space. In this voxel space, the position of each voxel is known, and it is also known to which tree each voxel belongs and where the stem of this tree is located. This knowledge was used to analyze the role of incoming and outgoing crowns. The contribution of the border effects to the biomass estimation uncertainty was quantified for the case of small-footprint lidar (a simulated canopy height model, CHM) and large-footprint lidar (simulated waveforms with footprint sizes of 23 and 65 m, corresponding to the GEDI and ICESat GLAS sensors). A strong effect of spatial scale was found: e.g., for 20-m plots, on average, 16% of the CHM surface belonged to trees located outside of the plots, while for 100-m plots this incoming CHM fraction was only 3%. The border effects accounted for 40% of the biomass estimation uncertainty at the 20-m scale, but had no contribution at the 100-m scale. For GEDI- and GLAS-based biomass estimates, the contributions of border effects were 23% and 6%, respectively. This study presents a novel approach for disentangling the sources of uncertainty in the remote sensing of forest structures using virtual canopy modeling.

scholarly journals Cross-border effects of R&D tax incentives

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 104326
Author(s):  
Bodo Knoll ◽  
Nadine Riedel ◽  
Thomas Schwab ◽  
Maximilian Todtenhaupt ◽  
Johannes Voget
Keyword(s):  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Border Effects ◽  
Cross Border
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