scholarly journals Course Match: A Large-Scale Implementation of Approximate Competitive Equilibrium from Equal Incomes for Combinatorial Allocation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Budish ◽  
Gerard Cachon ◽  
Judd B. Kessler ◽  
Abraham Othman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Competitive Equilibrium ◽  
Combinatorial Allocation

scholarly journals Course Match: A Large-Scale Implementation of Approximate Competitive Equilibrium from Equal Incomes for Combinatorial Allocation

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Budish ◽  
Gérard P. Cachon ◽  
Judd B. Kessler ◽  
Abraham Othman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Competitive Equilibrium ◽  
Combinatorial Allocation

scholarly journals A bilevel game model for ascertaining competitive target prices for a buyer in negotiation with multiple suppliers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKHILESH KUMAR ◽  
Anjana Gupta ◽  
Aparna Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Bilevel Programming ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Competitive Equilibrium ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Linear Constraints ◽  
Manufacturing Firm ◽  
Multiple Sourcing ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Procurement Cost

In this paper, a decision-support is developed for a strategic problem of identifying target prices for the single buyer to negotiate with multiple suppliers to achieve common goal of maintaining sustained business environment. For this purpose, oligopolistic-competitive equilibrium prices of suppliers are suggested to be considered as target prices. The problem of identifying these prices is modeled as a multi-leader-single-follower bilevel programming problem involving linear constraints and bilinear objective functions. Herein, the multiple suppliers are considered leaders competing in a Nash game to maximize individual profits, and the buyer is a follower responding with demand-order allocations to minimize the total procurement-cost. Profit of each supplier is formulated on assessing respective operational cost to fulfill demand-orders by integrating aggregate-production-distribution-planning mechanism into the problem. A genetic-algorithm-based technique is designed in general for solving large-scale instances of the variant of bilevel programming problems with multiple leaders and single follower, and the same is applied to solve the modeled problem. The developed decision support is appropriately demonstrated on the data of a leading FMCG manufacturing firm, which manufactures goods through multiple sourcing.

Long-Term Forecasting of World Grain Trade and U.S. Gulf Exports

2005 ◽  
Vol 1909 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
William W. Wilson ◽  
Won W. Koo ◽  
Richard Taylor ◽  
Bruce Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Competitive Equilibrium ◽  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Spatial Optimization ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
The U.S

Important changes occurring in the world grain trade will affect the spatial distribution of grain flows and affect large-scale transportation projects. Most important among these are developments in ethanol and in Brazil and China. This paper develops a spatial optimization model based on a long-term competitive equilibrium to make projections in the world grain trade and shipments from individual ports to 2025. Results indicate that world trade should increase by about 47%, with the fastest growth occurring in imports to China and Pakistan and the slowest growth in Japan and the European Union, traditionally large markets. Most increases in terms of volume are expected in soybeans (49%), followed by corn (26%). Most of the U.S. export growth is expected through the barge system to U.S. ports on the Gulf of Mexico, with negligible growth through the Pacific Northwest and lakes. Although a multitude of reasons explain this expected trend, one is the growth in ethanol concentrated in the western states, which will require shifting production to meet demand. As a result, the exportable surplus from these regions will decline, and much of the growth in exports will be through the U.S. Gulf and from Argentina and Brazil, particularly northern Brazil, through spatial competition. Reflecting the impacts of growth in demand as well as international and intermodal competition, these results provide insight for transport project planners about the long-term growth in exports from particular origins and routes.

Some comments about observations and image processing of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
D. Kubáček ◽  
A. Galád ◽  
A. Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Harvard College ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Harvard College Observatory ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractUnusual short-period comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 inspired many observers to explain its unpredictable outbursts. In this paper large scale structures and features from the inner part of the coma in time periods around outbursts are studied. CCD images were taken at Whipple Observatory, Mt. Hopkins, in 1989 and at Astronomical Observatory, Modra, from 1995 to 1998. Photographic plates of the comet were taken at Harvard College Observatory, Oak Ridge, from 1974 to 1982. The latter were digitized at first to apply the same techniques of image processing for optimizing the visibility of features in the coma during outbursts. Outbursts and coma structures show various shapes.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Large-scale Motion of Solar Filaments

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Pavel Ambrož ◽  
Alfred Schroll
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Solar Filaments ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Scale Motion ◽  
Velocity Scatter

AbstractPrecise measurements of heliographic position of solar filaments were used for determination of the proper motion of solar filaments on the time-scale of days. The filaments have a tendency to make a shaking or waving of the external structure and to make a general movement of whole filament body, coinciding with the transport of the magnetic flux in the photosphere. The velocity scatter of individual measured points is about one order higher than the accuracy of measurements.

Some applications of electron beam microanalysis techniques in VLSI process evaluation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Simon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Analysis Of Failures ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Trends in the technology development of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) have been in the direction of higher density of components with smaller dimensions. The scaling down of device dimensions has been not only laterally but also in depth. Such efforts in miniaturization bring with them new developments in materials and processing. Successful implementation of these efforts is, to a large extent, dependent on the proper understanding of the material properties, process technologies and reliability issues, through adequate analytical studies. The analytical instrumentation technology has, fortunately, kept pace with the basic requirements of devices with lateral dimensions in the micron/ submicron range and depths of the order of nonometers. Often, newer analytical techniques have emerged or the more conventional techniques have been adapted to meet the more stringent requirements. As such, a variety of analytical techniques are available today to aid an analyst in the efforts of VLSI process evaluation. Generally such analytical efforts are divided into the characterization of materials, evaluation of processing steps and the analysis of failures.

Electron microscopy study of reactively sputter-deposited Ti/N films on silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1362-1363
Author(s):  
V. C. Kannan ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
R. B. Irwin ◽  
S. Chittipeddi ◽  
F. D. Nkansah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fcc Phase ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Titanium nitride (TiN) films have historically been used as diffusion barrier between silicon and aluminum, as an adhesion layer for tungsten deposition and as an interconnect material etc. Recently, the role of TiN films as contact barriers in very large scale silicon integrated circuits (VLSI) has been extensively studied. TiN films have resistivities on the order of 20μ Ω-cm which is much lower than that of titanium (nearly 66μ Ω-cm). Deposited TiN films show resistivities which vary from 20 to 100μ Ω-cm depending upon the type of deposition and process conditions. TiNx is known to have a NaCl type crystal structure for a wide range of compositions. Change in color from metallic luster to gold reflects the stabilization of the TiNx (FCC) phase over the close packed Ti(N) hexagonal phase. It was found that TiN (1:1) ideal composition with the FCC (NaCl-type) structure gives the best electrical property.

Evolution of the microstructure of Cu(Ti)/SiO2 layers annealed in NH3

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
N. D. Theodore ◽  
D. Adams ◽  
S. Russell ◽  
T. L. Alford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Alloy Film ◽  
Electron Beam Evaporation ◽  
Copper Metallization ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Thermally Grown

Copper-based metallization has recently attracted extensive research because of its potential application in ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) of semiconductor devices. The feasibility of copper metallization is, however, limited due to its thermal stability issues. In order to utilize copper in metallization systems diffusion barriers such as titanium nitride and other refractory materials, have been employed to enhance the thermal stability of copper. Titanium nitride layers can be formed by annealing Cu(Ti) alloy film evaporated on thermally grown SiO2 substrates in an ammonia ambient. We report here the microstructural evolution of Cu(Ti)/SiO2 layers during annealing in NH3 flowing ambient.The Cu(Ti) films used in this experiment were prepared by electron beam evaporation onto thermally grown SiO2 substrates. The nominal composition of the Cu(Ti) alloy was Cu73Ti27. Thermal treatments were conducted in NH3 flowing ambient for 30 minutes at temperatures ranging from 450°C to 650°C. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared by the standard procedure.

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