Social Network Norms and Intellectual Property: A Proposal for the Public Use Bar

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Ezra Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property A ◽  
The Public

The Poor as Suppliers of Intellectual Property: A Social Network Approach to Sustainable Poverty Alleviation

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridevi Shivarajan ◽  
Aravind Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Knowledge Networks ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Property A ◽  
The Poor

ABSTRACT:We extend the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) poverty-alleviation approach by recognizing the poor as valuable suppliers—specifically of intellectual property. Although the poor possess huge reserves of intellectual property, they are unable to participate in global knowledge networks owing to their illiteracy and poverty. This is a crippling form of social exclusion in today’s growing knowledge economy because it adversely affects their capabilities for advancement at several levels. Providing the poor access to global knowledge networks as rightful participants—as suppliers of intellectual property—leads to poverty alleviation as a result of their increased social inclusion, not only through economic benefits, but also through the poor’s improved well-being as a result of their increased self-esteem and dignity. Using concepts from social network theory, we develop a poverty-alleviation approach to harness and integrate the intellectual property of the poor into global knowledge networks through trust-based partnerships among the poor, non-governmental organizations, and multinational corporations.

Hamilton and the Law

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Alexander Hamilton ◽  
Constitutional Convention ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
The Public ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
The Law

Since its Broadway debut, Hamilton: An American Musical has infused itself into the American experience: who shapes it, who owns it, who can rap it best. Lawyers and legal scholars, recognizing the way the musical speaks to some of our most complicated constitutional issues, have embraced Alexander Hamilton as the trendiest historical face in American civics. This book offers a revealing look into the legal community's response to the musical, which continues to resonate in a country still deeply divided about the reach of the law. Intellectual property scholars share their thoughts on Hamilton's inventive use of other sources, while family law scholars explore domestic violence. Critical race experts consider how Hamilton furthers our understanding of law and race, while authorities on the Second Amendment discuss the language of the Constitution's most contested passage. Legal scholars moonlighting as musicians discuss how the musical lifts history and law out of dusty archives and onto the public stage. This collection of minds, inspired by the phenomenon of the musical and the Constitutional Convention of 1787, urges us to heed Lin-Manuel Miranda and the Founding Fathers and to create something new, daring, and different.

scholarly journals Contribution of policy change on maize varietal development and yields in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latha Nagarajan ◽  
Anwar Naseem ◽  
Carl Pray
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
The Public ◽  
Varietal Development ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Maize Yields

Purpose Since the start of seed and other market reforms in the 1990s, the annual number of improved varietal releases for maize in Kenya has increased substantially. Prior to the reforms, private firms were restricted in introducing new varieties, could not protect their intellectual property and farmers had to rely exclusively on improved seeds developed and marketed by the public sector. Reforms have resulted in not only private firms entering the market and releasing improved varieties, but also an increase in varietal releases by the public sector. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the key policy reforms related to maize in Kenya, and their impacts on varietal development and yields. Design/methodology/approach The authors estimate a yield model that relates national maize yields to a number of input policy variables. The authors employ a two-stage least square regression, as one of the explanatory variables – the number of varietal releases – is likely endogenous with yield. The authors use policy variables such as public R&D, the number of plant breeder’s rights issued, and the years since private varieties have been introduced as instrument variables to estimate their influence new varietal releases directly, and then new varieties, inputs and other policies to measure their impact on yields. Findings The results show that policy changes such as the introduction of intellectual property rights had an important impact on the number of improved maize varieties released. However, the outcomes of the policy change such as the number of varieties and the share of area under improved varieties has no impact on increasing maize yields. The authors argue that this is because farmers continue to use older improved varieties because of the dominance of a parastatal in the maize, seed market and that newer improved varieties may not have the assumed yield advantage. Future policy and programs should be directed toward increasing the adoption of improved varieties rather than simply releasing them. Originality/value This paper provides evidence that while policy change may lead to new varietal development and release, its aggregate productivity impacts may be limited without additional reforms and intervention.

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