scholarly journals Fiscal and Regulatory Instruments for Clean Technology Development in the European Union

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Dechezlepretre ◽  
David C. Popp
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Clean Technology ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regulatory Instruments

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF TOBACCO AND TOBACCO PRODUCTS IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC AND IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Barbara Pavlíková
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The contribution deals with the Slovak and the EU legal regulation of tobacco and tobacco products. Its primary purpose is to point out the Slovak and European legal acts which constitute the main regulatory instruments in this field using the method of analysis and synthesis. Rules of production, distribution and conditions of use of tobacco and products thereof are in the Slovak Republic contained mainly in two acts - the Act No 335/2011 Coll. on Tobacco Products and the Act No 377/2004 Coll. on the Protection of Non-smokers, as well as in special Decree No 212/2012 Coll., regulating tobacco products. Regulation of excise duty on tobacco products can be found in the Act with the same name - Act No 106/2004 Coll.. Another objective of the paper is also to draw attention to the amendment of Act on Protection of Non-smokers which entered into force on 1 July 2013. The European Union struggles with the negative consequences of smoking at the supranacional level and its institutions - the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Council of the EU - are already for several years adopting legal acts to facilitate uniformity and easier interpretation of European law also in the field of legal regulation of tobacco and tobacco products. The predominant part of the existing legislation deals with the approximation of laws in areas that are closely related to the manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco products, but also to the collection of taxes from these products.

Religion and Law in the European Union

2021 ◽  
pp. 306-322
Author(s):  
Norman Doe ◽  
Frank Cranmer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Seven Principles ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Religion And Law ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
Supranational Institutions

All three major European supranational institutions—the European Union (EU), the Council of Europe (CoE), and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)—acknowledge the importance of religion within European history and culture and give special recognition to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. As has been argued elsewhere, the attitude of both the EU and the CoE to ‘religion’ is characterized by seven principles—the value of religion and of non-religion; subsidiarity; religious freedom; religious equality and non-discrimination; the autonomy of religious associations; cooperation with religion; and the special protection of religion by means of privileges and exemptions—principles that may be induced from their laws and other regulatory instruments. In doing so, they seek to maintain a balance between Europe’s religious, humanist, and cultural elements. How that balance and recognition operate in practice, however, is far from clear-cut and is highly sensitive to individual circumstances.

The impact of the insect regulatory system on the insect marketing system

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lähteenmäki-Uutela ◽  
L. Hénault-Ethier ◽  
S.B. Marimuthu ◽  
S. Talibov ◽  
R.N. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
The Impact

Taking the macromarketing approach to insect food and feed, we study how the global insect marketing system is impacted by the global insect regulatory system. As an illustration, we study how the regulations of the European Union, USA, Canada and Australia impact marketing strategies of individual companies, and how company-level behaviour combines into the dynamics of the whole insect marketing system. The output of the global insect marketing system is the global assortment of insect products. The regulatory system has its topics, content, and tools with differences between countries. Topics are the elements of the insect business that regulators care about. Content determines what insect products can be launched. Tools are the regulatory instruments and sanctions. Regulatory differences between countries are an important determinant in the geography of launch patterns and in the resulting global assortment of insect products available.

ECVAM'S Activities in the EU Candidate Countries

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 203-205
Author(s):  
Dariusz Sladowski ◽  
Marlies Halder
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Eu Candidate Countries ◽  
The Three Rs ◽  
The Eu

ECVAM has been given a special grant for collaborative projects on alternative/advanced testing methods involving eleven Candidate Countries for membership of the European Union (Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia). The project involves the promotion of the Three Rs (reduction, refinement, replacement) concept of Russell & Burch, in cooperation with appropriate individuals and national and international organisations in the Candidate Countries themselves, and elsewhere. The scope of the programme's activities covers: conferences in some of the Candidate Countries, workshops, training courses, training visits, and technology development/transfer initiatives. A database of contacts in the Candidate Countries and in relevant institutions in other countries, is being compiled.

Governance in Technology Development

2013 ◽  
pp. 149-165
Author(s):  
Aygen Kurt ◽  
Penny Duquenoy
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
Governance Processes ◽  
Ethical Governance

With an increasing focus on the inclusion of considering the ethical and social impact of technology developments resulting from research in the European Union, and elsewhere, comes a need for a more effective process in technology development. Current ethics governance processes do not go far enough in enabling these considerations to be embedded in European Union research projects in a way that engages participants in technology development projects. Such a lack of engagement not only creates a distance between the technology developers and ethics (and ethics experts) but also undermines the legitimacy of decisions on ethical issues and outcomes, which in turn has an impact on the resulting innovation and its role in benefitting individuals and society. This chapter discusses these issues in the context of empirical work, founded on a theoretical base, undertaken as part of the EGAIS (Ethical Governance of Emerging Technologies) EU co-funded FP7 project.

Balancing market needs and environmental protection: Vehicle approval in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-515
Author(s):  
Diego Zannoni
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
The One

Road transport today is responsible for almost a quarter of Europe’s greenhouse gas emissions, and poses a set of challenges. Traditional regulatory instruments, adopted by the European Union to reduce vehicle emissions, are increasingly accompanied by measures that promote the use of alternative fuels and propulsion systems that would drastically reduce, if not reset, CO2 emissions. Some EU Member States are even planning to adopt more drastic measures: banning future sales of petrol and diesel cars. The article will attempt to highlight the special relationship that can be drawn between common market needs on the one hand, and protecting human health and the environment on the other, and then between EU and broader international standards. Both intertwine when enacting and then assessing the normative framework applicable to vehicles, culminating in the complex assessment of EU norms that regulate the approval of types of vehicles. The objective is to consider the current law framework, pointing out its weaknesses and making some de iure condendo proposals.

scholarly journals Effects of institutional environment and technology development on payment choice

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. CALLADO-MUÑOZ ◽  
Jana HROMCOVÁ ◽  
Natalia UTRERO-GONZÁLEZ
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Enlargement ◽  
Payment Instruments ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Set Up

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the combination of institutional factors and tech­nology advances as determinants for the choice of payment instruments. The theoretical set up suggests that countries that enter into a new institutional environment adopt the attitudes of the accepting group towards the payment choices as a consequence of institutional pressure and tech­nology development. We apply the results of the model to the European Union enlargement process of 2004. Our findings confirm the relevance of both institutional environment and technology de­velopment in retail payment choice decisions particular to Central and Eastern European Countries.

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