Social License to Operate: Hydraulic Fracturing-Related Challenges Facing the Oil & Gas Industry

AbstractHydraulic fracturing technology is widely used in the oil and gas industry. A part of the technology consists in injecting a mixture of proppant and fluid into the fracture. Proppant significantly increases the viscosity of the injected mixture and can cause plugging of the fracture. In this paper we propose a numerical model of hydraulic fracture propagation within the framework of the radial geometry taking into account the proppant transport and possible plugging. The finite difference method and the singularity subtraction technique near the fracture tip are used in the numerical model. Based on the simulation results it was found that depending on the parameters of the rock, fluid, and fluid injection rate, the plugging can be caused by two reasons. A parameter was introduced to separate these two cases. If this parameter is large enough, then the plugging occurs due to reaching the maximum possible concentration of proppant far from the fracture tip. If its value is small, then the plugging is caused by the proppant reaching a narrow part of the fracture near its tip. The numerical experiments give an estimate of the radius of the filled with proppant part of the fracture for various injection rates and leakages into the rock.

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Overcoming the White Knight Complex: Social License and Internationalization for Society

Journal of Studies in International Education ◽

10.1177/10283153211016267 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102831532110162

Author(s):

Svetlana Kostrykina

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

New Zealand ◽

International Education ◽

Service Industries ◽

Local Context ◽

Social License To Operate ◽

Education Industry ◽

Social License ◽

Common Purpose ◽

Internationalization In Higher Education

The article investigates the concept of internationalization in higher education for society (IHES) and discusses the role of social license to internationalize, its contextual variations, and implications for internationalization practices in New Zealand and Indonesia. The notion of social license to operate is common in the extraction and some service industries; however, the concept of social license to internationalize constitutes an innovative direction for research concerned with IHES and the global international education industry. Social license to internationalize emerged as a pivotal feature of internationalization practices in New Zealand and Indonesia. It reflected the public recognition of IHES, manifested in the cultural and social value of internationalization. The construction of social license to internationalize presented itself as a strategic priority for the governments and higher education institutions (HEIs) in both research settings. The conceptual underpinnings of social license to internationalize, and hence the means of constructing the latter varied depending on the local context, but they served a common purpose of reification of internationalization practices. The study of social license to internationalize contributes to a broader discussion on IHES and sheds lights on the mechanisms of building meaningful and mutually beneficial connections between the stakeholders of the global international education industry and the wider public.

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Management of Food & Water Safety In The Oil & Gas Industry

10.2118/126919-ms ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Eva Lund ◽

Alison Martin ◽

Marie Sopko ◽

Gregor Stewart Irons

Keyword(s):

Water Safety ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Oil Gas

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