The Effects of Tobacco Control Policies on Tobacco Products, Tar, and Nicotine Consumption: Evidence from Household Panel Data

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad D. Cotti ◽  
Erik Nesson ◽  
Nathan Tefft
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Nicotine Consumption ◽  
Household Panel Data

Retailer Compliance with State and Local Policies on Tobacco Advertising

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Bukola Usidame ◽  
Edward A. Miller ◽  
Joanna E. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Retail Store ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Advertising ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Objectives: In this study, we assessed factors associated with retailer compliance with state and local government policies targeted at tobacco retail advertising in Massachusetts. Methods: Primary data collection was from 419 retail stores across 42 selected municipalities. Multi-level Bayesian logistic regression models assessed the relationship between retailer compliance and the comprehensiveness of local tobacco control policies; we also examined the number of tobacco ads, retail store type, and municipality-level socioeconomic and demographic factors. Results: Retail stores were fully compliant with state laws. At 92%, compliance with local tobacco advertising regulations was also high; a few retail stores advertised and sold flavored tobacco products and discounted tobacco products below the listed price. Retail stores with more tobacco ads and lower municipality-level smoking prevalence were less likely to be compliant with local tobacco advertising regulations relative to retail stores in other municipalities. Conclusions: Findings reveal a high degree of compliance with state and local tobacco advertising regulations in Massachusetts. State law in Massachusetts does not preempt local ordinances adopting more stringent tobacco control policies. Other states may exhibit similar levels of compliance should they follow Massachusetts example in allowing municipalities to adopt and enforce regulations that improve retail store compliance, hence limiting tobacco retail advertising.

scholarly journals Heated tobacco products: another tobacco industry global strategy to slow progress in tobacco control

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s111-s117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella A Bialous ◽  
Stanton A Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Slow Progress

There has been a global decline in tobacco consumption that, if continued, will negatively impact the tobacco industry’s profits. This decline led the industry to invent and market new products, including heated tobacco products (HTP). HTP are an extension of the industry’s strategies to undermine government’s tobacco regulatory efforts as they are being promoted as part of the solution for the tobacco epidemic. Under the moniker of ‘harm reduction’, the tobacco companies are attempting to rehabilitate their reputation so they can more effectively influence governments to roll back existing tobacco control policies or create exemptions for their HTP. Rolling back tobacco control policies will make it easier for the companies to renormalise tobacco use to increase social acceptability for all their products. When regulations are absent or when loopholes exist in classifying HTP as a tobacco product (thus subject to all tobacco control regulations), the industry’s marketing of HTP is making these products more visible to the public and more accessible. Governments need to ensure that HTP are regulated as tobacco products or drugs and reject partnerships with the tobacco companies to promote ‘harm reduction’. The tobacco companies remain the vector of the tobacco-caused epidemic and cannot be part of the global tobacco control solution.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Young Adult Vaping, Substance Vaped, and Purchase Location Across Five Categories of Vaping Devices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam N Cwalina ◽  
Jessica L Braymiller ◽  
Adam M Leventhal ◽  
Jennifer B Unger ◽  
Rob McConnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Never Smokers

Abstract Introduction The rapidly evolving landscape of vaping devices has complicated analyses of use patterns among youth and young adults. The current study describes the prevalence of use, substances vaped, and purchasing behaviors across five different vaping device categories. Aims and Methods Participants (n = 2505; mean age = 19.2, SD = 0.46) from a cohort in the Los Angeles area completed web-based surveys from June 2018 to October 2019. For each of four device type categories depicted via digital images (any pod-style vape, cigalike, box-mod, vape pen) and for JUUL specifically, participants reported ever and past 30-day use, substance vaped (mostly nicotine, nicotine and tetrahydrocannabinol [THC], mostly THC, neither), ownership of device (yes/no), where they obtained that device (eg, purchased themselves, from a friend), and if purchased, purchase location (eg, vape shop, online). Results Overall, 44.9% reported ever use, and 26.2% reported past 30-day use of at least one of the devices. The prevalence of past 30-day use was highest for pod-style vapes (any pod = 17.0%; JUUL = 15.1%). Among respondents who reported ever owning any device (n = 643 [25.7%]), 59.9% reported purchasing the device themselves, despite not being of legal purchasing age (15.4% of total sample); across all device types, products were most often purchased in vape shops or online. Conclusions Across all devices, the prevalence of self-purchase of vaping devices among underage young adults in the Los Angeles area was high, and most were purchased from a vape shop or online. Tobacco control policies to prevent underage purchase of tobacco products—particularly among never smokers—are needed. Implications A high proportion of underage young adults reported owning their own vaping device and having purchased it themselves from a vape shop or online. Stronger tobacco control policies and better enforcement efforts are needed to successfully prevent underage purchase of tobacco products.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tobacco Control Measures in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Countries: A Comparative Study Using Data Envelopment Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. e00527-e00527
Author(s):  
Majid Safaei Lari ◽  
Behzad Raei ◽  
Pedram Nourizadeh Tehrani ◽  
Amirhossein Takian
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Productivity Change ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
The Uk

Background: This study aimed to measure the efficiency and productivity of tobacco control policies across 16 selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 2008 to 2014. Study design: A panel-data study. Methods: Data envelopment analysis was used in this study. Taxation on tobacco products and pictorial warning labels were chosen as the inputs. Percentage of the population of daily smokers above 15 years old and the number of cigarettes used per smoker per day were output variables. Additionally, the Malmquist total factor productivity (TFP) was used to analyze the panel data and measure productivity change and technical efficiency changes over time. Results: The highest technical efficiency score (1.05) was attributed to Norway, while the lowest (0.91) belonged to the UK. Technological change with a total mean of 1.06 implied that the technology and creativity have increased, while countries have been able to promote their creativity over the studied period. Norway with the TFP score of 1.15 was the most productive country, while the UK and Turkey with TFP scores of 0.95 and 0.98, respectively, were the least productive countries in terms of the implementation of the tobacco control policies. Conclusions: Most OECD countries have productively implemented tax and pictorial warning policies to reduce tobacco use. To achieve the optimum outcome of the tobacco control policies and overcome the challenges of smoking use, countries need to tackle the difficult underlying factors, i.e. tobacco industry opposition and lobbyists, smuggling, and low socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Support for E-cigarette and Tobacco Control Policies Among Parents of Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1139-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Czaplicki ◽  
Siobhan N Perks ◽  
Michael Liu ◽  
Alison Cuccia ◽  
Minal Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
Current Tobacco

Abstract Introduction Parents are essential stakeholders for policy implementation. However, data on parents’ support for e-cigarette- and tobacco-related policies is limited. This study examines parents’ support for five e-cigarette- and tobacco-related policies targeted to prevent youth initiation and exposure to industry marketing practices. Methods Data were from a 2018 nationally representative sample of US parents of 11- to 18-year-old middle and high school students. Weighted adjusted logistic regression models examined correlates of support for policy outcomes, controlling for demographics. Analyses were performed among the full sample (n = 2743) and among current tobacco users (n = 355). Results The majority of parents, including current tobacco users, supported tobacco control efforts to protect adolescents. More than 90% of all parents supported restrictions on e-cigarette marketing to youth and 75% supported a ban on flavored e-cigarette sales. Additionally, more than 80% of all parents supported increasing the age of tobacco product sale to 21, limiting tobacco retailer density near schools, and keeping tobacco products out of view where youth shop. Presence of strict home tobacco rules or reporting a high priority to prevent child’s e-cigarette use were significantly associated with higher odds of policy support. Results were similar among current tobacco users. Conclusions Parents are an important group of tobacco control stakeholders and should be utilized to garner support for tobacco control policies in the context of the recent growth in youth tobacco and e-cigarette use. Parents’ public support for tobacco control policies, particularly regulations on e-cigarette sales and marketing, can motivate advocates and policymakers to advance tobacco control policy agendas. Implications Youth tobacco and e-cigarette use in the United States has increased in recent years. Parents are important stakeholders to inform policy agendas and advance efforts to restrict youth access and exposure to tobacco products. This study provides evidence that parents of adolescents are highly supportive of youth-centered tobacco control policies, particularly those that restrict access to youth-targeted e-cigarette marketing and the sale of youth-appealing flavored e-cigarettes. Utilizing policy support to mobilize parents may be an important advocacy strategy to advance tobacco control policy agendas and curb rising rates of youth e-cigarette and tobacco use.

scholarly journals Correlation between tobacco control policies, consumption of rolled tobacco and e-cigarettes, and intention to quit conventional tobacco, in Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Lidón-Moyano ◽  
Juan Carlos Martín-Sánchez ◽  
Patrick Saliba ◽  
Jan Graffelman ◽  
Jose M Martínez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Intent To Quit ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies

ObjectiveTo analyse the correlation between the implementation of tobacco control policies and tobacco consumption, particularly rolling tobacco, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) users and the intent to quit smoking in 27 countries of the European Union.DesignEcological study with the country as the unit of analysis.Data sourcesWe used the data from tobacco control activities, measured by the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS), in 27 European countries, in 2010, and the prevalence of tobacco consumption data from the Eurobarometer of 2012.AnalysisSpearman correlation coefficients (rsp) and their 95% CIs.ResultsThere was a negative correlation between TCS and prevalence of smoking (rsp=−0.41; 95% CI −0.67 to −0.07). We also found a negative correlation (rsp=−0.31) between TCS and the prevalence of ever e-cigarette users, but it was not statistically significant. Among former cigarette smokers, there was a positive and statistically significant correlation between TCS and the consumption of hand-rolled tobacco (rsp=0.46; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.70). We observed a similar correlation between TCS and other tobacco products (cigars and pipe) among former cigarette smokers. There was a significant positive correlation between TCS and intent to quit smoking in the past 12 months (rsp=0.66; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.87).ConclusionsThe level of smoke-free legislation among European countries is correlated with a decrease in the prevalence of smoking of conventional cigarettes and an increase in the intent to quit smoking within the past 12 months. However, the consumption of other tobacco products, particularly hand-rolled tobacco, is positively correlated with TCS among former cigarette smokers. Therefore, tobacco control policies should also consider other tobacco products, such as rolling tobacco, cigars and pipes.

scholarly journals Technical Efficiency and Productivity of Tobacco Control Policies in 16 Selected OECD Countries: A Comparative Study Using Data Envelopment Analysis, 2008-2014

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Safaei Lari ◽  
Behzad Raei ◽  
Pedram Nourizadeh Tehrani ◽  
Amirhossein Takian
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Productivity Change ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

Abstract Background: To date, there is no synthesized evidence about the technical efficiency (TE) of cross-country tobacco control policies. This study aims to measure the efficiency and productivity of tobacco control policies across 16 selected countries of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from 2008 to 2014.Method: We used data envelopment analysis (DEA). MPOWER is an acronym for a WHO proposed package consisting of six tobacco reduction interventions that can be adapted to present a commitment of the parties to a treaty labeled FCTC (Framework Convention on Tobacco Control).Taxation on tobacco products and pictorial warning labels were chosen as the inputs. Percentage of daily smokers’ population above 15 years old and the number of cigarettes used per smoker per day were output variables. Additionally, the Malmquist total factor productivity (TFP) was used to analyze the panel data and measure productivity change and technical efficiency changes over time.Results: The highest TE score (1.05) was attributed to Norway and the lowest (0.9175) belonged to the United Kingdom (UK). Technological change with a total average of 1.069 would imply that the technology and creativity have increased, while countries have been able to promote their creativity over the time period. Norway with the TFP score of 1.15 was the most productive country, while the UK and Turkey with the TFP scores of 0.95 and .098 respectively, were the least productive countries in the implementation of the MPOWER policies.Conclusion: Most OECD countries have productively implemented MPOWER policies. Such productive performances are the results of the strong pivotal pictorial warnings. Consequently, the policy of plain packaging seems to hamper the MPOWER policies. Taxation on tobacco products were relatively weak and inefficient.

scholarly journals Awareness and Implementation Status of Tobacco Policy Provisions among Students of Public Schools in Budhanilkantha Municipality, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Bhakta KC ◽  
Laxmi Kumari Oli ◽  
Nawa Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tobacco Policy ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Implementation Status ◽  
Product Control

Background: The tobacco epidemic was responded globally with the enforcement of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), a first public health treaty, on 27 February 2005. As a party and signatory country to FCTC, Nepal ratified the tobacco product (control and regulation) act in 2011. After endorsement of the act and other related tobacco policy documents, it is necessary to measure awareness level and the implementation status among different stakeholders including adolescent students. This study aimed to assess the awareness and implementation status of tobacco policy provisions in the students of Budhanilkantha Municipality of Kathmandu district, Nepal. Methods: This study was a school-based cross-sectional survey. A total of 378 students were recruited from five schools of Budhanilkantha municipality of Kathmandu, Nepal. The self-administered questionnaires were adapted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) tool of the World Health Organization and youth-tobacco survey tool of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to collect the data. Results: The study showed that less than half of the participants (45.8%) knew that there is a tobacco product (control and regulatory) act in Nepal. Similarly, two-thirds (65.9%) of the participants responded that they were aware of the selling of tobacco products to a person below 18 years was legally prohibited in Nepal. In terms of tobacco laws enforcement, 66.2% of the participants were not prevented from buying tobacco products because of their age. Conclusions: More than half of the students were found unaware of tobacco control policies of Nepal, despite the students are the key target stakeholders of tobacco control policies. Additionally, implementation of policy provisions related to protecting the students from tobacco in school or home is not effectively enforced although Nepal has comprehensive tobacco control policies.

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