scholarly journals A Focal Point Theory of Expressive Law

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Point Theory

Focal Point Theory Test of Behavior and Attitudes

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Nadler ◽  
Richard McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Point Theory ◽  
Theory Test

Focal Point Theory Test of Behavior and Attitudes

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Nadler ◽  
Richard McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Point Theory ◽  
Theory Test

scholarly journals Focal Point Theory Models for Dissecting Dynamic Duality Problems of Microbial Infections

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-H. Huang ◽  
W. Zhou ◽  
A. Jong
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Point Theory ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Rational Control ◽  
Dynamic Duality

Extending along the dynamic continuum from conflict to cooperation, microbial infections always involve symbiosis (Sym) and pathogenesis (Pat). There exists a dynamic Sym-Pat duality (DSPD) in microbial infection that is the most fundamental problem in infectomics. DSPD is encoded by the genomes of both the microbes and their hosts. Three focal point (FP) theory-based game models (pure cooperative, dilemma, and pure conflict) are proposed for resolving those problems. Our health is associated with the dynamic interactions of three microbial communities (nonpathogenic microbiota (NP) (Cooperation), conditional pathogens (CP) (Dilemma), and unconditional pathogens (UP) (Conflict)) with the hosts at different health statuses. Sym and Pat can be quantitated by measuring symbiotic index (SI), which is quantitative fitness for the symbiotic partnership, and pathogenic index (PI), which is quantitative damage to the symbiotic partnership, respectively. Symbiotic point (SP), which bears analogy to FP, is a function of SI and PI. SP-converting and specific pathogen-targeting strategies can be used for the rational control of microbial infections.

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