Got Clean Slate? New Study Suggests that Criminal Record Clearing May Increase Earnings

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Selbin ◽  
Justin McCrary
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Record

Towards the Creation of a European Criminal Record

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Xavier Roux-Demare
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Record ◽  
The Creation

scholarly journals Digitizing and Disclosing Personal Data: The Proliferation of State Criminal Records on the Internet

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Lageson ◽  
Elizabeth Webster ◽  
Juan R. Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Criminal Record ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
Public Records ◽  
Internet Privacy ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Public Disclosures

Digitization and the release of public records on the Internet have expanded the reach and uses of criminal record data in the United States. This study analyzes the types and volume of personally identifiable data released on the Internet via two hundred public governmental websites for law enforcement, criminal courts, corrections, and criminal record repositories in each state. We find that public disclosures often include information valuable to the personal data economy, including the full name, birthdate, home address, and physical characteristics of arrestees, detainees, and defendants. Using administrative data, we also estimate the volume of data disclosed online. Our findings highlight the mass dissemination of pre-conviction data: every year, over ten million arrests, 4.5 million mug shots, and 14.7 million criminal court proceedings are digitally released at no cost. Post-conviction, approximately 6.5 million current and former prisoners and 12.5 million people with a felony conviction have a record on the Internet. While justified through public records laws, such broad disclosures reveal an imbalance between the “transparency” of data releases that facilitate monitoring of state action and those that facilitate monitoring individual people. The results show how the criminal legal system increasingly distributes Internet privacy violations and community surveillance as part of contemporary punishment.

Some Crimonolgical and Psychiatric Aspects of Homicide in Iceland

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisli H. Gudjonsson ◽  
Hannes Petursson
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Criminal Record ◽  
Drug Dependency ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the relationship between some criminological and psychiatric aspects of homicide in Iceland for the period 1900–1979. During this period there were 45 homicide incidents, involving 52 victims and 47 offenders. 16 (34·0 per cent) of the offenders were considered to be psychiatrically ill or subnormal at the time of their offence and a further 17 (36·2 per cent) suffered from personality disorder, alcoholism or drug dependency. A relationship was found between psychiatric abnormality and such variables as day and time of offence, previous criminal record, method of killing, relationship between victim and offender, motive, and action after offence. These findings are generally consistent with previous homicide research.

Sperm bank failed to reveal donor's criminal record and schizophrenia, couple alleges

BMJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 350 (apr14 16) ◽  
pp. h2001-h2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Record ◽  
Sperm Bank

Prosecutors and Sentencing

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-170
Author(s):  
Nora V. Demleitner
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Criminal Record ◽  
Diversion Programs ◽  
Criminal Conviction ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Trial Judges ◽  
Selection Of

Prosecutorial decisions play an important, and sometimes a decisive, role in a defendant’s ultimate sentence. They begin with the selection of charges and may end with a recommendation on clemency or expungement of a criminal conviction. The influence of prosecutors over the sentence, therefore, is far more extensive than that of any other official. The charging decision sets the starting point for the sentence range. The prosecution tends to control entry into diversion programs that may spare an offender a criminal record after complying with a set of requirements. Plea bargains, which have become more frequent even in Europe’s civil law countries, usually focus on the type and scope of the criminal justice sentence. Mandatory minimum sentences, mandatory aggravators, and stacked charges provide prosecutors with overwhelming bargaining power, causing many defendants to waive their right to a trial. Judges tend to follow the parties’ agreements and impose the recommended sentence. In many states prosecutors routinely weigh in on parole decisions and determine whether to proceed against defendants for supervision violations. Even in clemency decisions, they frequently submit a recommendation.

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