Roles of Criminal Record and Mental Illness in College Admissions: Student Perceptions of Hypothetical Applicants

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra M. Anderson ◽  
Femina P. Varghese ◽  
Nathaniel Norwood
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
College Admissions ◽  
Criminal Record

scholarly journals The influence of social stigmas on observers' eye movements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frouke Hermens
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Criminal Record ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
The People ◽  
Advance Information

Some social stigmas (facial scars, tattoos) have clear visual cues and eye tracking has shown that such social stigmas influence the eye movements of other people. Other social stigmas (e.g., a mental illness or a criminal record) often lack clear visible cues. The present study investigates whether providing information about such stigmas draws eye movements of observers to the people involved. Participants were presented with video clips and advance information about one of the actors that was either stigmatizing (related to mental health or a criminal past) or non-stigmatizing. The results show that eye movements towards the target actor were not systematically affected by stigmatizing advance information and were not associated with explicit attitudes from questionnaires. Results therefore suggest that stigmas without clear visual cues do not draw attention to or away from the person involved.

Examining College Student Perceptions of Criminal Justice Outcomes Among Persons With Mental Illness

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1027-1049
Author(s):  
Rick Dierenfeldt ◽  
Samantha Scott ◽  
Gale Iles ◽  
Merideth Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Extensive Body

An extensive body of literature has documented punitive responses to mental illness in the United States that have coalesced around arrest and incarceration. Similarly, studies have highlighted the lack of treatment options available to persons with mental illness, as well as the fact the persons with mental illness are particularly susceptible to offering false confessions. Research on perceptions of these realities is, however, comparatively limited. This study contributes to the literature through the use of survey methodology to examine the perceptions of college students at a mid-sized university in the Southeastern United States as they relate to criminal justice outcomes among persons with mental illness. Results of multinomial regression models suggest that these perceptions are shaped by factors such as political orientation, semester standing, and punitiveness.

scholarly journals A Thematic Analysis of Mental Health Student Perceptions of Working With Older Persons With Serious Mental Illness

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Stephanie Santos ◽  
Michelle Zechner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Aging Attitudes

Abstract Older people with serious mental illness (SMI) are a rapidly growing population that is expected to double in the US by 2030 (Pratt, Mueser, Bartels, & Wolfe, 2013). Negative attitudes towards older adults and people with SMI are reported for medical, nursing, and mental health students, but little research has examined mental health student attitudes about older adults living with SMI (Nochajski, et al., 2009; Smith & Cashwell, 2010). Education can improve attitudes towards vulnerable populations (Frailing & Slate, 2016). This retrospective qualitative study aimed to identify mental health profession student’s perceptions of working with older adults with SMI throughout a fifteen-week, online, mental health course, that educated students on the unique needs of older adults with SMI, available community services and resources, barriers to adequate services, and the effects of ageism. Undergraduate (n=13) and graduate (n=3) forum responses were gathered at three time points (Week 1, Week 5, and Week 15) to examine their attitudes about working with older adults with SMI. De-identified responses were aggregated. Conventional content analysis was used to identify themes. Two researchers manually coded aggregated information, and met to reach consensus regarding underlying themes. Content analysis suggested the following themes: negative feelings towards older adults, personal experiences with older adults, generational differences, cultural views of aging, attitudes about aging, and generational differences. Suggestions for future work with mental health students to reduce stigma and encourage them to work with older adults with SMI will be presented.

scholarly journals The use of artificial intelligence algorithms in the criminalistic study of criminal activity (on the example of serial crimes)

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
A. A. Bessonov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Mathematical Statistics ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Criminal Record ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Training Models

Since artificial intelligence technologies are firmly embedded in many areas of modern life, it is time to explore in detail their capabilities in criminology in the study of criminal activity. The article describes the experience of developing digital models of serial crimes committed for sexual reasons using artificial intelligence algorithms. The empirical basis of the study was data on 1068 serial crimes, including murder. Methods of mathematical statistics and a number of artificial intelligence algorithms were used for data processing: gradient boosting, neural networks, logistic regression, etc. As a result, typical signs of crimes and natural connections between them, used for training models, presented by artificial intelligence algorithms, are revealed. The obtained decision support systems allow predicting the distance from the crime scene to the place of residence of the offender (accuracy 88.3—93.5 %), the age of the offender (accuracy 80.3 %, confidence interval ±6 years), the presence of a mental illness (accuracy 81.5 %) and criminal record (accuracy 82 %), as well as some other characteristics. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that the methods of mathematical statistics and artificial intelligence can be used in the investigation of crimes, as well as in criminalistics. 

scholarly journals Undergraduate paramedic students' perception of mental health using a pre and post questionnaire

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Emond ◽  
Susan Furness ◽  
Melissa Deacon-Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Undergraduate Curriculum ◽  
Health Perceptions ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Core Subject ◽  
Electronic Questionnaires ◽  
Manage Mental ◽  
Manage Mental Health

IntroductionIt is well recognised that mental illness causes significant morbidity and mortality, and has been identified as a national health priority. Despite this, there is a paucity of research about paramedic student perceptions and attitudes toward those experiencing mental health presentations. The objective of this study was to explore the mental health perceptions of a final year cohort of paramedic students from a regional Victorian university.MethodsFinal year undergraduate paramedicine students enrolled in the core subject Advanced Mental Health Practice were invited to participate in both pre- and post-subject surveys and record their perceptions of mental health using electronic questionnaires. The questionnaires used nine 5-point Likert scale questions and three multiple option questions using declarative statements.ResultsOf the 25 eligible students, 16 completed the pre-subject questionnaire and 12 completed both the pre- and post-subject questionnaires. The results indicated that this cohort held common myths and misconceptions relating to mental health combined with a lack of general knowledge about mental illness and its paramedic management. These perceptions altered following the introduction of the mental health subject.ConclusionThe results suggest that the implementation of a mental health subject into paramedicine undergraduate curriculum has the ability to positively alter perceptions of mental health. This may lead to students acquiring the knowledge and attitudes required to manage mental health presentations.

Fool’s Gold: Psychologists Using Disingenuous Reasoning to Mislead Legislatures into Granting Psychologists Prescriptive Authority

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-524
Author(s):  
Brent Pollitt
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Prescriptive Authority

Mental illness is a serious problem in the United States. Based on “current epidemiological estimates, at least one in five people has a diagnosable mental disorder during the course of a year.” Fortunately, many of these disorders respond positively to psychotropic medications. While psychiatrists write some of the prescriptions for psychotropic medications, primary care physicians write more of them. State legislatures, seeking to expand patient access to pharmacological treatment, granted physician assistants and nurse practitioners prescriptive authority for psychotropic medications. Over the past decade other groups have gained some form of prescriptive authority. Currently, psychologists comprise the primary group seeking prescriptive authority for psychotropic medications.The American Society for the Advancement of Pharmacotherapy (“ASAP”), a division of the American Psychological Association (“APA”), spearheads the drive for psychologists to gain prescriptive authority. The American Psychological Association offers five main reasons why legislatures should grant psychologists this privilege: 1) psychologists’ education and clinical training better qualify them to diagnose and treat mental illness in comparison with primary care physicians; 2) the Department of Defense Psychopharmacology Demonstration Project (“PDP”) demonstrated non-physician psychologists can prescribe psychotropic medications safely; 3) the recommended post-doctoral training requirements adequately prepare psychologists to prescribe safely psychotropic medications; 4) this privilege will increase availability of mental healthcare services, especially in rural areas; and 5) this privilege will result in an overall reduction in medical expenses, because patients will visit only one healthcare provider instead of two–one for psychotherapy and one for medication.

A Tribute to the Late William J. Curran

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-275
Author(s):  
O. Lawrence ◽  
J.D. Gostin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
Legal Medicine ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
International Institute ◽  
University Professor

In the summer of 1979, a group of experts on law, medicine, and ethics assembled in Siracusa, Sicily, under the auspices of the International Commission of Jurists and the International Institute of Higher Studies in Criminal Science, to draft guidelines on the rights of persons with mental illness. Sitting across the table from me was a quiet, proud man of distinctive intelligence, William J. Curran, Frances Glessner Lee Professor of Legal Medicine at Harvard University. Professor Curran was one of the principal drafters of those guidelines. Many years later in 1991, after several subsequent re-drafts by United Nations (U.N.) Rapporteur Erica-Irene Daes, the text was adopted by the U.N. General Assembly as the Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Care. This was the kind of remarkable achievement in the field of law and medicine that Professor Curran repeated throughout his distinguished career.

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