Evolution of the EU Merger Regulations Explained by Relevant Case Studies and Comparison with Indian Merger Regulations

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshul Sehgal
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Relevant Case ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Potential Benefits and Constraints of Development of Critical Raw Materials’ Production in the EU: Analysis of Selected Case Studies

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Guzik ◽  
Krzysztof Galos ◽  
Alicja Kot-Niewiadomska ◽  
Toni Eerola ◽  
Pasi Eilu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Abandoned Mines ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Cost And Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

Major benefits and constraints related to mineral extraction within the EU have been identified on the examples of selected critical raw materials’ deposits. Analyzed case studies include the following ore deposits: Myszków Mo-W-Cu (Poland), Juomasuo Au-Co (Finland), S. Pedro das Águias W-Sn (Portugal), Penouta Nb-Ta-Sn (Spain), Norra Kärr REEs (Sweden) and Trælen graphite (Norway). They represent different stages of development, from the early/grassroot exploration stage, through advanced exploration and active mining, up to reopening of abandoned mines, and refer to different problems and constraints related to the possibility of exploitation commencement. The multi-criteria analysis of the cases has included geological and economic factors as well as environmental, land use, social acceptance and infrastructure factors. These factors, in terms of cost and benefit analysis, have been considered at three levels: local, country and EU levels. The analyzed cases indicated the major obstacles that occur in different stages of deposit development and need to be overcome in order to enable a new deposit exploitation commencement. These are environmental (Juomasuo and Myszków), spatial (Juomasuo) as well as social constraints (Norra Kärr, Juomasuo). In the analyzed cases, the most important constraints related to future deposit extraction occur primarily at a local level, while some important benefits are identified mainly at the country and the EU levels. These major benefits are related to securing long-term supplies for the national industries and strategically important EU industry sectors.

Article 51 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights from the Perspective of the National Judge

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-85
Author(s):  
Petr Mádr
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Relevant Case ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Academic Debate

This article contributes to the growing scholarship on the national application of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights ('the Charter') by assessing what challenges national courts face when dealing with Article 51 of the Charter, which sets out the Charter's material scope of application. In keeping with this aim, the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) – with its general formulas, abstract guidance and implementation categories – is discussed strictly from the perspective of the national judge. The article then presents the findings of a thorough study of the case law of the Czech Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) and evaluates this Court's track record when assessing the Charter's applicability. National empirical data of that kind can provide valuable input into the CJEU-centred academic debate on the Charter's scope of application.

scholarly journals Can Indicators Bridge the Gap between Science and Policy? An Exploration into the (Non)Use and (Non)Influence of Indicators in EU and UK Policy Making

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa Sébastien ◽  
Tom Bauler ◽  
Markku Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Energy Indicators ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Evidence For Policy ◽  
The Eu

This article examines the various roles that indicators, as boundary objects, can play as a science-based evidence for policy processes. It presents two case studies from the EU-funded POINT project that analyzed the use and influence of two highly different types of indicators: composite indicators of sustainable development at the EU level and energy indicators in the UK. In both cases indicators failed as direct input to policy making, yet they generated various types of conceptual and political use and influence. The composite sustainable development indicators served as “framework indicators”, helping to advocate a specific vision of sustainable development, whereas the energy indicators produced various types of indirect influence, including through the process of indicator elaboration. Our case studies demonstrate the relatively limited importance of the characteristics and quality of indicators in determining the role of indicators, as compared with the crucial importance of “user factors” (characteristics of policy actors) and “policy factors” (policy context).

scholarly journals Workers with Cardiac AIMD Exposed to EMF: Methods and Case Studies for Risk Analysis in the Framework of the European Regulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9709
Author(s):  
Eugenio Mattei ◽  
Federica Censi ◽  
Giovanni Calcagnini ◽  
Rosaria Falsaperla
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Implantable Defibrillator ◽  
Safety Regulation ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
European Regulations ◽  
The Eu

Workers with cardiac active implantable medical devices (AIMD), such as a pacemaker (PM) or an implantable defibrillator (ICD), are considered by the occupational health and safety regulation framework as a particularly sensitive risk group that must be protected against the dangers caused by the interference of electromagnetic field (EMF). In this paper, we first describe the general methodology that shall be followed for the risk assessment of employees with a cardiac AIMD exposed to EMF, according to the EU regulation, and in particular to the EN 50527-2-1:2016 and 50527-2-2:2018 standards. Then, three case studies related to specific EMF sources are presented, to better describe how the initial analysis of the risk assessment can be performed in practice, and to understand if a further specific risk assessment analysis is required or not.

Maritime Spatial Planning Concepts and Approaches

2015 ◽  
pp. 348-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Papatheochari ◽  
Vassiliki Vassilopoulou ◽  
Athina Kokkali ◽  
Fabio Grati ◽  
Harry Coccossis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Maritime Spatial Planning ◽  
Planning Concepts ◽  
The Eu

Often human activities taking place at limited available marine space may lead to important spatial and temporal conflicts and synergies. Through Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) a series maritime issues have been addressed focusing on such interactions. This chapter makes a presentation of the development of Maritime Spatial Planning concepts and approaches on a global basis, highlighting best practices as well as gaps that need to be addressed. Lessons learned from two Mediterranean case studies of the EU FP7 research projects MESMA and COEXIST focusing particularly on fisheries, as one of the main human activities in the two marine areas, interacting with other uses and with conservation initiatives, is also discussed.

Maritime Spatial Planning Concepts and Approaches

2019 ◽  
pp. 337-360
Author(s):  
Theodora Papatheochari ◽  
Vassiliki Vassilopoulou ◽  
Athina Kokkali ◽  
Fabio Grati ◽  
Harry Coccossis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Maritime Spatial Planning ◽  
Planning Concepts ◽  
The Eu

Often human activities taking place at limited available marine space may lead to important spatial and temporal conflicts and synergies. Through Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) a series maritime issues have been addressed focusing on such interactions. This chapter makes a presentation of the development of Maritime Spatial Planning concepts and approaches on a global basis, highlighting best practices as well as gaps that need to be addressed. Lessons learned from two Mediterranean case studies of the EU FP7 research projects MESMA and COEXIST focusing particularly on fisheries, as one of the main human activities in the two marine areas, interacting with other uses and with conservation initiatives, is also discussed.

Balancing Competence and Control

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Biermann ◽  
Berthold Rittberger
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Regulatory ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

In recent decades the EU has witnessed a remarkable rise in the number of specialized regulatory agencies and European regulatory networks (ERNs). It is often assumed that agencies and ERNs are mutually exclusive instruments of indirect governance. As this chapter argues, however, they are often used in combination to better address competence–control tradeoffs. The chapter illustrates this argument with two case studies of regulatory policymaking in the EU. First, in the case of aviation safety, the EU and its member states created a new agency, the European Aviation Safety Agency, to overcome a control deficit which had hampered its ability to rein in existing regulatory networks. Second, in the field of food safety, the EU as collective governor sought to overcome the competence deficit of its intermediary, the European Food Safety Agency, by enlisting a second intermediary: the “Focal Point Network” (an ERN).

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