Battle for Bhoomi: The Indian Experience of Land Management, Land Acquisition and Land Grab.

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Land Grab ◽  
Indian Experience

Land Acquisition and Dispossession in India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debjani Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Land Grab ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
The Government

Contemporary India is among the top seven countries in the world witnessing the rise of mega urban regions, infrastructural expansion by government and private entities, and acceleration of special economic zones; the fallout of these trends has been the loss of cropland, and massive resistance coupled with political destabilization. Since the 1990s India’s political economy has increasingly been defined by land dispossession. Indeed, some politicians and big industrialists argue that the developmental agenda of India remains an unfulfilled dream because of land scarcity. On the other hand, strong grass-roots protest movements against land grab have toppled reigning governments and, in some cases, managed to thwart the outward march of land capitalization, dispossession, and ecological degradation. Land ownership remains a protean issue for Indian politics and its social matrix. Yet, it is not a recent phenomenon. Land acquisition and dispossession have a long genealogy in India and have gone through successive stages, engendering new political modalities within different economic regimes. Although not a settler colony, the East India Company grabbed land from the 18th century onward, dispossessing and uprooting people in the process, while alienating and disembedding land from its social matrix. Beginning with the Permanent Settlement of agricultural lands in eastern India in 1793, the Company sought legal authority to justify taking land, thus initiating a regime of quasi-eminent domain claims upon land for a wide range of practices, among them salt manufacturing, urbanization, infrastructure, and railways. The political authority and dubious legitimacy of the joint-stock company acting as a trustee of land was written into the various laws on land acquisition, ultimately culminating in the colonial Land Acquisition Act (LAA) of 1894. While independent India envisioned distributive justice through land redistribution, land acquisition and dispossession continued unabated, and postcolonial India’s land acquisition law merely offered procedural legitimacy to the act of taking land from people against their will for the greater “public,” and thereafter for public–private partnership. From 1947 state-led development resulted in the expropriation of land for industrialization, dams, and mega-infrastructural projects resulting in massive development-induced displacement across the country. India’s economic liberalization from the 1990s began a transnational movement of capital on an unprecedented scale, which manifested itself as an emerging configuration of real-estate-as-development. The government of India created new legal entitlements for private companies by enacting the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Act in 2005 for export industries, IT companies, mining companies, and supporting real-estate development, resulting in dispossession, resistance, land speculation, and the emergence of land mafias.

Comparing State Agendas of Land Monetization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Shatkin
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Land Management ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
State Control ◽  
Relative Autonomy ◽  
Land Grab ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
Ownership Of Land

This chapter develops a comparative framework for analyzing state land strategies across cities. This framework focuses on two fundamental variables that differentiate societies—the relative autonomy of land managers from non-state sources of social influence, and the extent of state control of urban land markets, specifically through state ownership of land. The chapter develops a basic typology of land management regimes: a political economy of the land grab (represented in the case studies by Indonesia); a political economy of state capitalist urban planning (represented by China); and a political economy of ‘occupancy urbanism’ (represented by India).

scholarly journals Financialization, land prices and land grab: a study based on the Brazilian reality

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (spe) ◽  
pp. 1149-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastiaan Philip Reydon ◽  
Vitor Bukvar Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Land Grab ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Land Acquisitions ◽  
International Importance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Land Transactions ◽  
Do So

Abstract In the last years, the term “land grab” has gained international importance and has been used as a catch-all frase for (trans)national commercial land transactions mainly revolving around the production and export of food, animal feed, biofuels, timber and minerals. The main literature explains it as a consequence of the financialization process that included land as an asset. Our main proposition in this article is that for Brazil, speculative land acquisitions played an important role in the portfolio of many economical agents, but with the deregulation of financial markets and the financialization of the seventies it became more intensive. To do so, first we present the different theoretical approaches to the land grab phenomenon and add a post-keynesian view on land transactions to the debate. Second, we analyze the available data on agriculture and livestock foreign investments in Latin America with the main focus on Brazil. Third, we present the legal and institutional aspects of foreign-owned land in Brazil. In conclusion, we propose that land grabbing will always have a speculative component, but after the deregulation of financial markets, the pressure for land acquisition is larger and the efforts in regulation and control over land acquisition in Brazil have not been effective in controlling acquisitions by foreigners.

How Much Land Does a Capitalist Need?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mircea Raianu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Economy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Land Grab ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
Private Profit ◽  
The Government ◽  
Multisite Ethnography

This chapter attempts to construct a multisite ethnography of land grab by the government for private profit-making companies in Paschim (west) Medinipur district of West Bengal under the pro-peasant leftist government. The text of the article juxtaposes the direct fieldwork experiences with archival data collected from land acquisition files. The transition from a land-based rural economy toward an industrial regime was not smooth. It was characterized by protest, resistance, and bargains by the peasants as well as government and private company failures despite official claims of industrial development and employment during the transition. This micro level anthropological study also has macro implications in which the author takes up the role of a storyteller, an actor interacting with parliamentarians at New Delhi as an expert on land acquisition, and also listening to the protesting and satirical voices of the peasants affected by governmental land grab.

scholarly journals Urbanization in China and the role of social and natural capital in land acquisition and transfer arrangements

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Haiying Feng ◽  
Victor R. Squires
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Land Grab ◽  
Land Transfer

The paper is in several parts. We explain the context of the study area that is characterized by land acquisition and transfer (LAT) by local government (often against the wishes of the local villagers). We report on a methodology that is simple, yet robust, that enables local land users and other interested parties to quantify the social capital of local people in rural and peri-urban areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR) and assess the extent to which social capital influences the bargaining power of land users when faced with acquisition of their cropland, grazing land, woodlands, water and other environmental goods and services. Finally, we explore the notion that social capital can be a force to create a more even playing field and influence the outcomes of land grab for industrial, infrastructure and urban development. Interest in the concept of social capital and its application has increased rapidly over the past few years with the realization that social bonds and norms are important for achieving sustainability.  Ferdinand Tönnies identified the value of the ideas surrounding social capital as early as 1887, but later scholars gave it a theoretical framework.  Social capital implies that there are aspects of social structure and organization that act as resources for individuals, allowing them to realize their personal aims and interests. Often, social capital is defined as trust, norms of reciprocity, and networks among individuals that can be drawn upon for individual or collective benefit. Social capital is different between urbanites and rural dwellers, especially farmers. In this paper, we focus on how social capital serves the interests of individuals or collectives.  Social capital based on kinship and geopolitical position plays an important role in affecting rural land transfer. Rural land transfer (also called LAT) is becoming a highly contested matter as China moves to implement its plan to increase the proportion of urban dwellers to 70% by 2030(Ma et al., 2018). Natural capital (a sub-set of social capital) should always be maintained as it is critical to sustainable economic development representing, as it does, a multidimensional concept that mirrors the different frameworks of various scientific disciplines and social groups used in valuing nature. Widespread and rampant LAT that accompanies accelerated economic development in peri-urban and rural areas (Ma et al., 2018) needs to take critical natural capital into account.

scholarly journals Toward Smart Land Management: Land Acquisition and the Associated Challenges in Ghana. A Look into a Blockchain Digital Land Registry for Prospects

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Prince Donkor Ameyaw ◽  
Walter Timo de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Customary Land ◽  
Land Management System ◽  
Land Administration Systems

Land acquisition in Ghana is fraught with challenges of multiple sales, numerous unofficial charges, unnecessary bureaucracies, intrusion of unqualified middlemen, and lack of transparency among others. Studies have suggested digitization as a way forward to improve Ghana’s land management system and to address these acquisition challenges. However, none of these studies have specifically provided a clear conceptual digital framework for land acquisition. Most contemporary land literature globally appraise blockchain technology as a potential solution to these challenges in Ghana’s land acquisition process. This article applies an integrative review, mixed with strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis, and deductive lessons from a digital land registry concept to develop a blockchain-based smart land acquisition framework solution in view of Ghana’s land acquisition challenges. However, it is identified that threats of sabotage of this framework exist among some customary land owners, land officials, and private blockchain-based land experts for various reasons. Among others, a legal basis for a public–private partnership is recommended particularly to discourage sabotage from private blockchain-based land experts. We recommend future research works to delve into establishing a framework that can be used as a guide to assess the readiness of land management and land administration systems for blockchain consideration in sub-Sahara Africa, particularly Ghana.

Abstract #278: Insulin Pumps for “Life” vs Insulin Pumps for “Luxury”-the Indian Experience in Type 2 Diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Jothydev Kesavadev ◽  
Shashank Joshi ◽  
Banshi Saboo ◽  
Pradeep Pillai ◽  
Arun Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Pumps ◽  
Indian Experience
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