The Challenges Faced by the Developing Countries in the Context of International Trade for Goods and Services in the Process of Globalization

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Sohaib Zafar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Goods And Services

scholarly journals FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR EXPANSION OF BELARUSIAN-ROMANIAN TECHNOLOGICAL COOPERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
S. Solodovnikov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Technological Cooperation ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Industrialization

The article reveals the factors that determine the need to expand the Belarusian-Romanian technological cooperation in the context of the new industrialization of the two countries, namely: the change in the dynamics of foreign trade under the influence of the growing domestic demand of developing countries; reducing the share of intermediate goods and services in international trade; the growing impact of new and emerging technologies on world trade; the need for a new industrialization within the social paradigm Industry 4.0; an unprecedented degree of concentration in several countries of the most important raw materials required for the modern stage of industrialization; an unprecedented rise in global social inequality.

Least-Developed Countries, Climate Change and Trade

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen F. Irish
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Goods ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Climate Change Policies ◽  
Border Adjustments ◽  
Environmental Goods And Services

AbstractIn current negotiations on both climate change and international trade, there is debate over the obligations of developing countries. The author argues that whatever the outcome of those general discussions, special status must be carefully retained for the protection of the least-developed countries in the intersection of trade and climate change policies. The paper examines the position of LDCs on three trade-related topics: environmental goods and services, border adjustments, GSP tariff preferences.

scholarly journals Problems of the preliminary customs informing system and the introduction of the Single Window at the sea check points of the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 04004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Maydanova ◽  
Igor Ilin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Check Points ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
National Governments

The Single Window concept in the international trade and logistics has been explored by international organizations and national governments over the last two decades. International standards and recommendations, government decisions on this approach are widespread today in both developed and developing countries. Similar decisions and legal acts were implemented during the last ten years by the Russian Federation, as a member of the Eurasian Economic Union. This article provides overview of the following coherent stage – the implementation of preliminary customs informing system at sea check points of the RF with concerns of the Single Window introduction.

International Governance on Carbon Tariff and Its Vacuum in International Regime

2013 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mou WANG
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Governance ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Climate Governance ◽  
Emission Quota ◽  
Carbon Tariff

Drawing on the idea that countries are eligible to implement differentiated emission reduction policies based on their respective capabilities, some parties of UNFCCC attempt to weaken the principle of “Common but differentiated responsibilities(CBDR)” and impose carbon tariff on international trade. This initiative is in fact another camouflage to burden developing countries with emission cut obligation, which has no doubt undermined the development rights of developing countries. This paper defines Carbon Tariff as border measures that target import goods with embodied carbon emission. It can be import tariffs or other domestic tax measures that adjust border tax, which includes plain import tariffs and export rebates, border tax adjustment, emission quota and permit etc. For some developed countries, carbon tariffs mean to sever trade protectionism and to build trade barriers. Its theoretical arguments like “loss of comparative advantage”, “carbon leakage decreases environmental effectiveness” and “theoretical model bases” are pseudo-propositions without international consensus. Carbon tariff has become an intensively debated issue due to its duality of climate change and trade, but neither UNFCCC nor WTO has clarified this issue or has indicated a clear statement in this regard. As a result, it allows some parties to take advantage of this loophole and escape its international climate change obligation. Carbon tariff is an issue arising from global climate governance. To promote the cooperation of global climate governance and safeguard the social and economic development of developing countries, a fair and justified climate change regime and international trade institution should be established, and the settlement of the carbon tariff issue should be addressed within these frameworks. This paper argues that the international governance of carbon tariff should in cooperation with other international agreements; however, principles and guidelines regarding this issue should be developed under the UNFCCC. Based on these principles and guidelines, WTO can develop related technical operation provisions.

scholarly journals Labor Standards: Where Do They Belong on the International Trade Agenda?

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drusilla K Brown
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
Labor Regulation ◽  
National Sovereignty ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trade Sanctions ◽  
Technical Advice ◽  
Intense Debate

During the past decade, universal labor standards have become the focus of intense debate. Advocates argue from humanitarian concerns and the interests of industrialized-country labor, seeking enforcement with WTO sanctions. Opponents regard labor regulation as a matter of national sovereignty, challenge the effectiveness of trade sanctions, and prefer the ILO emphasis on dialogue, monitoring and technical advice. This paper analyzes the labor standards debate, with specific attention to the analytical underpinnings of universal rules; evidence linking weak labor protections in developing countries to industrialized country wages; and the role of labor standards in WTO negotiations.

scholarly journals The Importance of ISO 9001 on Developing Countries with Reference to International Trade: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Vinod Indradev Verma ◽  
Atul Magikar ◽  
Motiram Patil ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Iso 9001

scholarly journals Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform in the Developing World: Who Wins, Who Loses, and Why?

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Coxhead ◽  
Corbett Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Subsidy Reform

Fossil fuel subsidies are widespread in developing countries, where reform efforts are often derailed by disputes over the likely distribution of gains and losses. The impacts of subsidy reform are transmitted to households through changes in energy prices and prices of other goods and services, as well as through factor earnings. Most empirical studies focus on consumer expenditures alone, and computable general equilibrium analyses typically report only total effects without decomposing them by source. Meanwhile, analytical models neglect important open-economy characteristics relevant to developing countries. In this paper, we develop an analytical model of a small open economy with a preexisting fossil fuel subsidy and identify direct and indirect impacts of subsidy reform on real household incomes. Our results, illustrated with data from Viet Nam, highlight two important drivers of distributional change: (i) the mix of tradable and nontradable goods, reflecting the structure of a trade-dependent economy; and (ii) household heterogeneity in sources of factor income.

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