Patenting of Plant Varieties and Plant Breeding Methods

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Leslie Blakeney
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Breeding Methods

Plant Proteomic Research for Improvement of Food Crop under Stresses: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazala Mustafa ◽  
Setsuko Komatsu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Efficient Strategy ◽  
Proteomic Research ◽  
Insight Into

Technological advancements in traditional plant-breeding methods have led to a concept swing in the crop improvement approaches. Proteomics acts as an efficient strategy to get a deeper insight into the...

scholarly journals Legal protection of plant biotechnological inventions

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
P. T. Vanhala ◽  
T. Pehu ◽  
H. G. Gyllenberg
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Variety Protection ◽  
Biotechnological Inventions

Within biotechnology, plant production is regarded as one of the most promising adaptations. New plant breeding methods are considered to better fulfil the requirements set on patentability than the traditional breeding methods. In Europe, a plant variety can be protected by special legislation. The present patent laws in Europe are not applied to plant biotechnological inventions. The United States has three systems under which new varieties of plants may be protected. These include The 1930 Plant Patent Act, The 1970 Plant Variety Protection Act and The 1952 Patent Statute. Companies that have specialized in plant breeding and organizations representing the industrial countries recommend improvements to the legal protection. On the other hand, farmers and the developing countries are against better protection.

Improving Genotypic Adaptation in Crops – a Role for Breeders, Physiologists and Modellers

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shorter ◽  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
G. L. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Biological Model ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Traditional Approaches

SummaryApproaches using breeding, physiology and modelling for evaluating adaptation of plant genotypes to target environments are discussed and methods of characterizing the target environments outlined. Traditional approaches, and their limitations, to evaluation of genotypic adaptation using statistical and classificatory techniques with a phenotypic model are discussed. It is suggested that a simple biological model is the most appropriate framework in which to integrate physiology and modelling with plant breeding. Methods by which physiology and modelling may contribute to assessment of adaptive traits and to selection for adaptation in a breeding programme are considered.

Darwinian Agriculture’s Three Core Principles

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ford Denison
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Bet Hedging ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Research Programs

This chapter introduces the three core principles of Darwinian agriculture. First, natural selection is fast enough, and has been improving plants and animals for long enough, that it has left few simple, tradeoff-free opportunities for further improvement. Therefore, implicit or explicit acceptance of tradeoffs has been and will be key to crop genetic improvement, through biotechnology or traditional plant breeding methods. Second, competitive testing of individual adaptations by natural selection is more rigorous than nature's testing of natural ecosystems merely by endurance. Although testing by endurance shows sustainability, there may still be considerable room for improvement. Third, we should hedge our bets against future uncertainty with a greater variety of crops and of research approaches. The chapter argues that this bet-hedging will require allocating some land and other resources to crops and research programs that seem less promising today but may outperform today's winners if conditions change.

scholarly journals Plant Breeding Integrated with Genomic-Enabled Prediction

OBM Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Siamak Shirani Bidabadi ◽  
◽  
Parisa Sharifi ◽  
S. Mohan Jain ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Conventional Breeding

Plant breeding programs have used conventional breeding methods, such as hybridization, induced mutations, and other methods to manipulate the plant genome within the species' natural genetic boundaries to improve crop varieties. However, repeatedly using conventional breeding methods might lead to the erosion of the gene reservoir, thereby rendering crops vulnerable to environmental stresses and hampering future progress in crop production, food and nutritional security, and socio-economic benefits. Integrating innovative technologies in breeding programs to accelerate gene flow is critical for sustaining global plant production. Genomic prediction is a promising tool to assist the rapid selection of premiere genotypes and accelerate breeding gains for climate-resilient plant varieties. This review surveys the annals and principles of genomic-enabled prediction. Based on the problem that is investigated through the prediction, as well as several other factors, such as trait heritability, the relationship between the individuals to be predicted and those used to train the models for prediction, the number of markers, sample size, and the interaction between genotype and environment, different levels of accuracy have been reported. Genomic prediction might play a decisive role and facilitate gene flow from gene bank accessions to elite lines in future breeding programs.

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