Plant breeding methods and current problems in developing improved varieties of tomatoes

1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Lesley
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Improved Varieties

Perspective and prospect

1981 ◽  
Vol 292 (1062) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Plant Breeder ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Engineer ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Changing Practices ◽  
Economic Considerations

Plant breeding is concerned with the production of improved varieties of plants by the development of superior genotypes. The nature of the improvements that are sought will not in general depend on genetical considerations, though in some circumstances it may be influenced by them. Rather it will depend on such things as the requirements, preferences or even idiosyncrasies of the consumer, on economic considerations and on the agronomic needs and practices of the grower. Alternative ways of meeting these requirements must be considered alongside the approach through plant breeding. All these must be taken into account by the plant breeder in setting his targets, which must pay due regard to feasibility and also have a sufficient element of prediction, or prophecy, in them to allow for the necessary lapse of time between setting up the breeding programme and having the finished variety ready for the market. Having set his targets, the breeder must ask how he can best proceed towards achieving them ; which features of the plant’s physiology offer him the best prospect of raising its production under the various circumstances in which it is likely to be grown; how he can secure the best distribution of assimilates to the economically important part of the plant as opposed to parts not so economically utilizable; how losses arising from the depredation of pests and diseases can be minimized, and so on. The targets must, in fact, be expressed in terms of more detailed definable characters that the breeder will seek to adjust, and which can be followed relatively easily in single individuals, or small families, as a basis for effective comparison and hence meaningful selection. In this the breeder must seek the cooperation of physiologist and pathologist, and also, because of changing practices of agriculture, of agronomist and agricultural engineer

Plant Proteomic Research for Improvement of Food Crop under Stresses: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazala Mustafa ◽  
Setsuko Komatsu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Efficient Strategy ◽  
Proteomic Research ◽  
Insight Into

Technological advancements in traditional plant-breeding methods have led to a concept swing in the crop improvement approaches. Proteomics acts as an efficient strategy to get a deeper insight into the...

scholarly journals Legal protection of plant biotechnological inventions

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
P. T. Vanhala ◽  
T. Pehu ◽  
H. G. Gyllenberg
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Variety Protection ◽  
Biotechnological Inventions

Within biotechnology, plant production is regarded as one of the most promising adaptations. New plant breeding methods are considered to better fulfil the requirements set on patentability than the traditional breeding methods. In Europe, a plant variety can be protected by special legislation. The present patent laws in Europe are not applied to plant biotechnological inventions. The United States has three systems under which new varieties of plants may be protected. These include The 1930 Plant Patent Act, The 1970 Plant Variety Protection Act and The 1952 Patent Statute. Companies that have specialized in plant breeding and organizations representing the industrial countries recommend improvements to the legal protection. On the other hand, farmers and the developing countries are against better protection.

PERSPECTIVES IN PASTURE PLANT BREEDING IN NEW ZEALAND

1959 ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
P.C. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Improvement ◽  
Certification Scheme ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pasture Plant

After about a quarter of a century of pasture plant breeding in this country it is wise to attempt some evaluation of the plant improvement studies under way at present and projected for the future. Grasslands Division, largely through the efforts of Dr L. Corkill, has released, up to the present, eight improved varieties into the Government Certification scheme. These varieties have proved themselves in most parts of New Zealand to be superior to commercial varieties of New Zealand origin and to any introductions. The question is what further problems can we hope to solve by plant improvement methods. I propose to discuss briefly three main topics: Objectives of Selection, The Raw Material of Selection, and Methods of Breeding

Improving Genotypic Adaptation in Crops – a Role for Breeders, Physiologists and Modellers

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shorter ◽  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
G. L. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Biological Model ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Traditional Approaches

SummaryApproaches using breeding, physiology and modelling for evaluating adaptation of plant genotypes to target environments are discussed and methods of characterizing the target environments outlined. Traditional approaches, and their limitations, to evaluation of genotypic adaptation using statistical and classificatory techniques with a phenotypic model are discussed. It is suggested that a simple biological model is the most appropriate framework in which to integrate physiology and modelling with plant breeding. Methods by which physiology and modelling may contribute to assessment of adaptive traits and to selection for adaptation in a breeding programme are considered.

Darwinian Agriculture’s Three Core Principles

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ford Denison
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Bet Hedging ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Research Programs

This chapter introduces the three core principles of Darwinian agriculture. First, natural selection is fast enough, and has been improving plants and animals for long enough, that it has left few simple, tradeoff-free opportunities for further improvement. Therefore, implicit or explicit acceptance of tradeoffs has been and will be key to crop genetic improvement, through biotechnology or traditional plant breeding methods. Second, competitive testing of individual adaptations by natural selection is more rigorous than nature's testing of natural ecosystems merely by endurance. Although testing by endurance shows sustainability, there may still be considerable room for improvement. Third, we should hedge our bets against future uncertainty with a greater variety of crops and of research approaches. The chapter argues that this bet-hedging will require allocating some land and other resources to crops and research programs that seem less promising today but may outperform today's winners if conditions change.

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