Forensic Application of Econometric Evidence: Detecting and Tackling Tacit Coordination in Oligopolistic Markets

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Andreoli Versbach ◽  
Jens-Uwe Franck
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Application ◽  
Oligopolistic Markets ◽  
Econometric Evidence ◽  
Tacit Coordination

scholarly journals Focal point pricing: A challenge to the successful implementation of Section 10a (introduced by the Competition Amendment Act)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-409
Author(s):  
Mike Holland ◽  
Jannie Rossouw ◽  
Jessica Staples
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Oligopolistic Markets ◽  
Tacit Coordination ◽  
Oligopoly Markets ◽  
To Come

The Competition Amendment Act introduced section 10A, which provides the Competition Commission with the powers to investigate complex monopoly conduct in a market and allows the Competition Tribunal, under certain conditions, to prohibit such behaviour. Although more than five years have elapsed since the Competition Amendment Act was promulgated, this provision has yet to come into force. However, when it eventually does so, it will mark a significant change in South African competition law, as it seeks to regulate firms’ consciously parallel conduct. This is coordinated conduct that occurs without communication or agreement, but results in the prevention or substantial lessening of competition. Examples of horizontal tacit coordination practices include price leadership and facilitating practices, such as information exchanges and price signaling. The successful implementation of the amendment poses problems for the competition authorities in assessing the competitive effects of complex monopoly conduct and in providing effective remedies. Oligopoly markets result in mutual interdependent decision-making by firms, which can lead to market outcomes similar to explicit collusion. However, a further and little noticed issue is that firms in oligopolistic markets have opportunities to use focal points to determine coordinated strategies. This paper explores the nature and role of focal point pricing, which can lead to prices that are above competitive levels. The South African banking industry is used as an example. We find that focal point pricing is difficult to control, making the successful implementation of section 10A even more problematic. Moreover, the proposed amendment provides scope for the imposition of structural remedies by the Competition Tribunal, a function that the Competition Tribunal is ill-suited to perform.

Comparing the tacit coordination of romantic couples and strangers

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Chartier ◽  
Matt E. Groebe ◽  
Susanne Abele
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Couples ◽  
Tacit Coordination

The Role of Non-Coordinated Effects in the Assessment of Minority Shareholdings

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Maier-Rigaud ◽  
Ulrich Schwalbe ◽  
Felix Forster
Keyword(s):  
Differentiated Products ◽  
Effective Competition ◽  
Oligopolistic Markets ◽  
Minority Shareholdings ◽  
Coordinated Effects

AbstractThis article focusses on the non-coordinated effects of minority shareholdings in oligopolistic markets. It is demonstrated that minority shareholdings even when they fall below the usual thresholds can lead to a significant impediment of effective competition (SIEC) on a purely non-coordinated basis. This is particularly likely in a market with differentiated products, when a firm partially acquires shareholdings in its closest competitor and when the next best alternative products are only weak substitutes.

scholarly journals Adjacent digit fingerprint white line count differences: a pointer to sexual dimorphism for forensic application

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magaji Garba Taura ◽  
Lawan Hassan Adamu ◽  
Abdullahi Yusuf Asuku ◽  
Kabiru Bilkisu Umar ◽  
Musa Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Forensic Application ◽  
White Line ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Right And Left Hands

Abstract Background Sex determination is one of the leading criterion in identification and verification of an individual. However, the potential roles of differences in adjacent fingerprint white line count (FWLC) in sex inference are not well elucidated in the literature especially among Hausa population. The study was conducted to determine sexual dimorphism and predict sex using adjacent digit FWLC difference (adj. DFWLCD) among Hausa population of Kano state, Nigeria. Methods The study population involved 300 participants. FWLC was determined from a plain fingerprint captured using live scanner. The formula for adj. DFWLCD of thumb and fifth digit is dR15 for right hand. The same applied for possible combination in cephalocaudal direction. Mann-Whitney and t tests were used for comparison of variables between sexes. Binary logistic regression analyses were employed for determination of sex. Results We observed a significantly larger adj. DFWLCD in males compared with females in most of the digit combination. A significant sexual dimorphism was observed in most of the adj. DFWLCD involving ring digit in both right (dR14, dR24, and dR34) and left (dL14, dL24, and dL34). The best discrimination was observed in adjacent FWLC difference of second and fourth digits in both right and left digits (dR24 and dL24). This was further supported by stepwise logistic regression analyses. Conclusion The adj. DFWLCD exhibits sexual dimorphism. The best prediction potentials were found to be dR24 and dL24 for right and left hands respectively.

Evaluation of the AGCU Expressmarker 30 Kit composed of 31 loci for forensic application

2021 ◽  
pp. 110849
Author(s):  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Feng Song ◽  
Shuangshuang Wang ◽  
Xiaowen Wei ◽  
Haoyu Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Application

A novel multiplex of 12 multicopy Y‐STRs for forensic application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Shang ◽  
Guangshu Ding ◽  
Xiaoting Mo ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Application

scholarly journals Women on Boards and Firm Performance: A Microeconometric Search for a Connection

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Marek Gruszczyński
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Econometric Evidence ◽  
Women On Boards ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Female Presence

This paper discusses questions of the gender diversity of corporate boards vis-à-vis firm performance. Typically, researchers have asked if a female presence is associated with improved performance and more transparent governance. The paper’s first part reports on several econometric attempts in the quest to prove the existence of such an association. The primary outcome is that the results vary over geographical, cultural, and time settings. The study presented in the second part examines European firms’ annual reports from 2015. Binomial models, multiple regression, and quantile regression are applied resulting in the finding that female presence on a board is not significantly related to firm performance for this sample. Together with the picture that emerged from the paper’s first part, this result leads to the possibility that the search for an association between women on boards and company performance is not fundamental. Nevertheless, modern business societies worldwide may need to boost the female presence on managerial bodies. Current econometric evidence indicates that this is not harmful to corporate results.

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