Ethnic Conflicts- Case Study: Kosovo

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Alina Petraru
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Conflicts

Understanding Variation in Corruption and White-Collar Crime

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kupatadze
Keyword(s):  
White Collar Crime ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Elite Networks ◽  
Western Influence ◽  
External Causes

This chapter examines the internal and external causes of variations in corruption and white-collar crime through a comparative case study of Georgia and Armenia. From the domestic perspective, different outcomes in relation to ethnic conflicts, as well as differences in terms of the political elite’s stability (a radical changeover of political elites in Georgia versus a continuation of existing elite networks in Armenia), explain the varying degrees of corruption and white-collar crime rates between the two states. From the external dimension, this chapter states that the varying attitudes toward Russia and amenability to Western influence have provided different incentives for reform in Georgia and Armenia, and resulted in different outcomes with reference to corruption.

scholarly journals ETHNIC ASPECTS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION IN THE MEGACITY (CASE STUDY MOSCOW)

2014 ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
M. I. Seredina
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
City Development ◽  
The City

The article considers ethnic aspects of social interaction in Russia's largest megacity - Moscow. The features of the formation of ethnic communities (groups) are analyzed at different stages of the city development. It is emphasized the interaction tools of ethnic communities. It is analyzed the issues of reducing ethnic conflicts and using the experience of positive cooperation of various national groups in Moscow.

Ethnonationalist networks and transnational opportunities: the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wayland
Keyword(s):  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Transnational Politics ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Ethnic Networks ◽  
Nonstate Actor ◽  
Tamil Diaspora ◽  
Insight Into

This article presents an empirical case study of a type of nonstate actor largely overlooked in the IR literature on transnationalism: the diaspora or transnational ethnic actor. Building upon findings from contentious politics or social movements scholarship, I highlight the nexus of domestic and transnational politics by demonstrating how actors form ethnic networks and utilise transnational opportunities to pursue political goals in various states. Specifically, I argue that the formation of ethnic networks in the Tamil diaspora has enabled the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) or ‘Tigers’ to engage in protracted insurgency against the Sri Lankan government army. Whereas traditional contentious politics scholarship is unable to explain the longevity and intensity of that conflict, a consideration of the transnational dimension provides new insight into how ethnic conflicts may be sustained. The combination of greater political freedom, community organising and access to advanced communications and financial resources in receiving states has allowed Tamil separatists in the diaspora to maintain ‘transnational ethnic networks’ which are in turn used to mobilise funds that have prolonged the secessionist campaign in Sri Lanka.

Agonistic peace and confronting the past: An analysis of a failed peace process and the role of narratives

2020 ◽  
pp. 001083672093840
Author(s):  
Ayşe Betül Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Peace Process ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
Political Environments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dominant Narratives

This study analyzes how peace processes in socio-political environments that do not support ‘confronting the past’ (CTP) initiatives are affected by the exclusion and delegitimization of alternative narratives different from dominant ones concerning the nature and history of ethnic conflicts, focusing on Turkey’s failed peace process as a case study. It pays specific attention to the resistance against acknowledging alternatives to dominant narratives by considering the role played by bystanders and antagonistic citizens, who are not directly part of the conflict but nonetheless support it by remaining passive or directly/indirectly supporting dominant narratives. Driven by agonistic peace theory, the article shows how failing to turn these groups into agonistic citizens through some form of agonistic CTP initiative and allowing a space for alternative narratives can result in the fragility of efforts towards a transition to peace.

Ontological insecurity in asymmetric conflicts: Reflections on agonistic peace in Turkey’s Kurdish issue

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahar Rumelili ◽  
Ayşe Betül Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Ontological Security ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
Asymmetric Conflicts ◽  
Peace Initiatives ◽  
Kurdish Issue

This article contributes to the recent literature on ontological security in conflict studies by empirically investigating, through a case study of Turkey’s Kurdish issue, how ontological asymmetry complicates peace processes. Over time, all conflicts become embroiled in a set of self-conceptions and narratives vis-à-vis the Other, the maintenance of which becomes critical for ontological security. In ethnic conflicts, however, these conceptions and narratives also intersect with a fundamental ontological asymmetry, because such conflicts often pit state parties with secure existence against ethnic groups with contested status and illegitimate standing. We argue that peace processes are easier to initiate but harder to conclude in ontologically asymmetric conflicts. Accordingly, we find that during the 2009–2015 peace process in Turkey, ontological (in)security-induced dynamics presented themselves in cyclical patterns of ambitious peace initiatives receiving greater support among the Kurdish public but giving way, at the first sign of crisis, to a rapid and dramatic return to violence, which neither side acted to stem. Moreover, we underscore that ontologically asymmetric conflicts, such as Turkey’s Kurdish issue, are often characterized by a societal security dilemma, where the conditions of ontological security for one party undermine those of the other. Therefore, building consensus around a new shared peace narrative may not be possible or desirable, and a lasting solution to Turkey’s Kurdish issue depends on the development of an agonistic peace around coexisting, multiple and contestatory narratives.

RACIAL REALITIES IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
Clovis L. White
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Insight Into

Doing Race: 21 Essays for the 21st Century and Black Los Angeles: American Dreams and Racial Realities are two important additions to the study of race in the United States. First, both provide insight into the continuous significance of race in a time when racial tensions are on the rise despite the ubiquitous suggestion that we are in a post-racial society. Secondly, both works serve as important indicators of the multiplicative nature of race, each covering many of the bases so critical to race study. As many academicians and students of race and ethnicity recognize, race is a phenomenon that must be approached from multiple angles (e.g., anthropologically, sociologically, historically, and so on) if we are to fully understand how race operates. Thirdly, these two works offer an array of possible solutions or models for addressing some of the problems that beset racial and ethnic conflicts. Finally, while each of the books tackles the issue of race, they complement each other as Doing Race provides a more general, comprehensive understanding of racial and ethnic issues across the United States while Black Los Angeles represents a specific case study of race relations in one urban setting. All in all, these works make important contributions to the literature about the significance of race in America.

Establishment, Breakup, and Amalgamation of Ethnic Local Governments in Ethiopia: Towards Understanding the Legal And Political Matrix

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Beza Dessalegn
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
Fertile Ground

Ethiopia’s ethnic federalism manages the diversity problem by giving ethnic territorial homelands to the constituent ethnic groups. This, in ethnically diverse regions, has meant the establishment of ethnically defined local governments. However, as the clear mismatch between available local governments and the number of constituent ethnic communities demonstrate, many are left without a local government of their own – resulting in rife inter-communal tensions. This has also proved to be a fertile ground for competing ethnic nationalisms to flourish and proliferate at sub-regional levels. As a result, some local governments were broken apart after their establishment to arrest ethnic conflicts that followed while others were amalgamated to maintain regional territorial integrity. By using the snnp region as a case study, this article argues that the political atmosphere, propelled by political exigencies, dictates the establishment, breakup, and amalgamation of ethnically defined local governments, while constitutional principles are side-lined.

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