scholarly journals Background Report on Private Sector Development in Latin America, the Post-Communist Countries of Europe and Asia, the Middle East and North Africa

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kozarzewski ◽  
Richard Woodward ◽  
Mehdi Safavi
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Private Sector Development ◽  
Communist Countries

Abstract 2365: Impact of Socioeconomic Level on Cardiovascular Risk in Ischemic Stroke Patients: The OPTIC Registry

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Amarenco ◽  
Halim Abboud ◽  
Julien Labreuche ◽  
Antonio Arauz ◽  
Alan Bryer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Insurance Cover

Background : The impact of socioeconomic factors (SEF) on the risk of future vascular events in stroke patients has been understudied. The Outcomes in Patients with TIA and Cerebrovascular disease (OPTIC) registry included patients in secondary prevention of stroke. Objective : to stratify the risk of vascular event recurrence in patients with cerebral infarction according to presence of PAD, ankle-brachial index (ABI), known coronary artery disease (CAD), involvement of several arterial beds, geographic variations and SEF. Method : Between January 2007 and December 2008, 3635 patients aged 45 years or older were enrolled in the OPTIC registry from 245 sites in 17 countries in the following regions: Latin America (1543 patients), Middle East (1041 patients), North Africa (834 patients), and South Africa (217 patients). PAD was present in 7.8%, ABI in 22%, CAD in 12.8%, and 31.1% were unemployed, 26.2% had less than 2 school years, 23% of patients had no health insurance, 12.8% lived in rural area, 8.4% lived alone, 7.5% did not live in a house/flat. Primary endpoint included vascular death (VD), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Results : During median follow-up of 731 days, 524 patients had at least 1 primary event; 190 patients had VD, 88 nonfatal MI, and 296 nonfatal stroke. The estimated risk of primary endpoint was 15.6% (95%CI, 14.4-17.0%) at 2-year. The risk increased with the number of vascular beds involved from 13.1% to 30.7% (p for trend<0.001). Using patients from Latin America as reference, age-sex-adjusted HR was 1.29 (95%CI, 1.04-1.60) for Middle East, 1.31 (95%CI, 0.90-1.89) for South Africa, and 1.64 (95%CI, 1.32-2.04) for North Africa. The absolute additional risk of having a primary endpoint ranged between, 4.7% for unemployed patients to 17.5% for patients not living in a house/flat. In multivariate analysis, living in rural area, not living in a house/flat, unemployment status, no health insurance cover, and less than 2-years school were associated with an increased cardiovascular risk (all adjusted p<0.004). There was a stepwise increase in the primary endpoint with the number of low SEF ranging from 13% to 62% (adjusted p-value for trend<0.001). Conclusions : vascular risk in stroke patients in North and South Africa, Middle East and Latin America varies not only with the number of arterial beds involved but also with socio-economic variables, particularly poor health insurance cover, not living in a house/flat and low education level

CREDIT CYCLES IN COUNTRIES IN THE MENA REGION — DO THEY EXIST? DO THEY MATTER?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050001
Author(s):  
LEILA AGHABARARI ◽  
AHMED ROSTOM
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Credit Growth ◽  
Credit Cycles

This paper estimates the private sector credit cycles for most of the oil-importing and oil-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa. Credit cycles are the medium-term component in spectral analysis of real private sector credit growth. Besides, the paper estimates the credit cycles for several developed countries. The analysis finds substantial differences and rare similarities between credit cycles in the Middle East and North Africa and advanced countries. During 1964–2017, credit cycles in the Middle East and North Africa do not appear to be associated with GDP growth. They only explained a fraction of the growth in private sector credit, and they do not seem to be synchronized across oil-exporters and oil-importers.

Disproportionate Impact: Catalyzing Innovative Private Sector Development in Latin America and the Caribbean 2007-2015

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Paula Brito ◽  
Claudia Gutierrez ◽  
Michael Hofmann ◽  
Dora Moscoso ◽  
Monica Otsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Private Sector Development ◽  
The Caribbean

Sugar price spikes will continue to worry importers

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sugar Price ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Sugar Market ◽  
Per Capita

Subject Sugar market dynamics. Significance There were protests in Egypt in October and November after the price of sugar doubled this year from a low of around 10 cents per pound in 2015. The sugar price swings much more widely than any other commodity traded frequently on world markets. Latin America consumes the most sugar per capita but also produces the most. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) produce little, but imports the most per capita, leaving the region vulnerable. Impacts Higher taxes may reduce demand for sugar for processed food and drinks but demand for use in renewable energy will likely remain high. China is the world's largest sugar importer and its policies have a large influence on sugar prices. NAFTA encouraged Mexico to raise its sugar output but Donald Trump's election has raised doubts over the agreement's future.

scholarly journals Identifying important breast cancer control strategies in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East/North Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John FP Bridges ◽  
Benjamin O Anderson ◽  
Antonio C Buzaid ◽  
Abdul R Jazieh ◽  
Louis W Niessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Breast Cancer Control
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