Private Sector Development in the Middle East and North Africa

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Private Sector Development

CREDIT CYCLES IN COUNTRIES IN THE MENA REGION — DO THEY EXIST? DO THEY MATTER?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050001
Author(s):  
LEILA AGHABARARI ◽  
AHMED ROSTOM
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Credit Growth ◽  
Credit Cycles

This paper estimates the private sector credit cycles for most of the oil-importing and oil-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa. Credit cycles are the medium-term component in spectral analysis of real private sector credit growth. Besides, the paper estimates the credit cycles for several developed countries. The analysis finds substantial differences and rare similarities between credit cycles in the Middle East and North Africa and advanced countries. During 1964–2017, credit cycles in the Middle East and North Africa do not appear to be associated with GDP growth. They only explained a fraction of the growth in private sector credit, and they do not seem to be synchronized across oil-exporters and oil-importers.

scholarly journals Trends, wealth inequalities and the role of the private sector in caesarean section in the Middle East and North Africa: A repeat cross-sectional analysis of population-based surveys

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259791
Author(s):  
Stephen J. McCall ◽  
Aline Semaan ◽  
Noon Altijani ◽  
Charles Opondo ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Fattah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective To examine trends and variations of caesarean section by economic status and type of healthcare facility in Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Methods Secondary data analysis of nationally representative household surveys conducted between 2008–2020 across nine Arab countries in the MENA region. The study population was women aged 15–49 years with a live birth in the two years preceding the survey. Temporal changes in the proportion of deliveries by caesarean section in each country were calculated using generalised linear models and presented as risk differences (RD) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Caesarean section was disaggregated by household wealth index and type of healthcare facility. Results Use of caesarean section ranged from 57.3% (95%CI:55.6–59.1%) in Egypt to 5.7% of births (95%CI:4.9–6.6%) in Yemen. Overall, the use of caesarean section has increased across the MENA region, except in Jordan, where there was no evidence of change (RD -2.3 (95%CI: -6.0 ‒1.4)). Across most countries, caesarean section use was highest in the richest quintile compared to the poorest quintile, for example, 42.8% (95%CI:38.0–47.6%) vs. 22.6% (95%CI:19.6–25.9%) in Iraq, respectively. Proportion of caesarean section was higher in private sector facilities compared to public sector: 21.8% (95%CI:18.2–25.9%) vs. 15.7% (95%CI:13.3–18.4%) in Yemen, respectively. Conclusion Variations in caesarean section exist within and between Arab countries, and it was more commonly used amongst the richest quintiles and in private healthcare facilities. The private sector has a prominent role in observed trends. Urgent policies and interventions are required to address non-medically indicated intervention.

scholarly journals Trends, wealth inequalities and the role of the private sector in caesarean section in the Middle East and North Africa: a repeat cross-sectional analysis of population-based surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen McCall ◽  
Aline T. Semaan ◽  
Noon Altijani ◽  
Charles Opondo ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-fattah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo examine trends and variations of caesarean section by economic status and type of healthcare facility in Arab countries in Middle East and North Africa (MENA).MethodsSecondary data analysis of nationally representative household surveys across nine Arab countries in MENA. The study population was women aged 15-49 years with a live birth in the two years preceding the survey. Temporal changes in the use of caesarean section in each of the nine countries were calculated using generalised linear models and presented as risk differences(RD) with 95% confidence intervals(95%CI). Caesarean section was disaggregated against household wealth index and type of healthcare facility.ResultsUse of caesarean section ranged from 57.3% (95%CI:55.6–59.1%) in Egypt to 5.7% of births (95%CI:4.9–6.6%) in Yemen. Overall, the use of caesarean section has increased across the MENA region, except in Jordan, where there was no evidence of change (RD −2.3% (95%CI:-6.0–1.4%). Within all MENA countries, caesarean section use was highest in the richest quintile compared poorest quintile, for example, 43.8% (95%CI:38.0-47.6%) vs. 22.6% (95%CI:19.6-25.9%) in Iraq, respectively. Caesarean section was higher in private sector facilities compared to public sector: 21.8% (95%CI:18.2-25.9 %) vs. 15.7% (95%CI:13.3-18.4%) in Yemen, respectively.ConclusionVariations in caesarean section exist within and between Arab countries, and it was more commonly used amongst the richest quintiles and in private healthcare facilities. The private sector has a prominent role in the trends. Urgent policies and interventions are required to address non-medically indicated intervention.

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