Nested Logit or Random Coefficients Logit? A Comparison of Alternative Discrete Models of Product Differentiation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Grigolon ◽  
Frank Verboven
Keyword(s):  
Product Differentiation ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Discrete Models ◽  
Nested Logit

Accounting for Voter Heterogeneity within and across Districts with a Factor-Analytic Voter-Choice Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner A. Kamakura ◽  
José Afonso Mazzon
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Nested Logit ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Voter Preferences ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Voter Choice

In this study, we propose a model of individual voter behavior that can be applied to aggregate data at the district (or precinct) levels while accounting for differences in political preferences across districts and across voters within each district. Our model produces a mapping of the competing candidates and electoral districts on a latent “issues” space that describes how political preferences in each district deviate from the average voter and how each candidate caters to average voter preferences within each district. We formulate our model as a random-coefficients nested logit model in which the voter first evaluates the candidates to decide whether or not to cast his or her vote, and then chooses the candidate who provides him or her with the highest value. Because we allow the random coefficient to vary not only across districts but also across unobservable voters within each district, the model avoids the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives Assumption both across districts and within each district, thereby accounting for the cannibalization of votes among similar candidates within and across voting districts. We illustrate our proposed model by calibrating it to the actual voting data from the first stage of a two-stage state governor election in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, and then using the estimates to predict the final outcome of the second stage.

Discrete Models of Financial Markets

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Capinski ◽  
Ekkehard Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Discrete Models

Pathway Complexity in the Stacking of Imine-linked Macrocycles Related to Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwei Wang ◽  
Anton Chavez ◽  
Simil Thomas ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Nathan C. Flanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Discrete Models ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Covalent Organic Frameworks ◽  
Electron Systems ◽  
Monomer Structure ◽  
Kinetic Traps

This work reports on the assembly of imine-linked macrocycles that serve as models of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs). Interlayer interactions play an important role in the formation of 2D COFs, yet the effect of monomer structure on COF formation, crystallinity, and susceptibility to exfoliation are not well understood. For example, monomers with both electron-rich and electron-poor π-electron systems have been proposed to strengthen interlayer inter-actions and improve crystallinity. Here we probe these effects by studying the stacking behavior of imine-linked macrocycles that represent discrete models of 2D COFs. <div><br></div><div>Specifically, macrocycles based on terephthaldehyde (PDA) or 2,5-dimethoxyterephthaldehyde (DMPDA) stack upon cooling molecularly dissolved solutions. Both macrocycles assemble cooperatively with similar ΔHe values of -97 kJ/mol and -101 kJ/mol, respectively, although the DMPDA macrocycle assembly process showed a more straightforward temperature dependence. Circular dichroism spectroscopy performed on macrocycles bearing chiral side chains revealed a helix reversion process for the PDA macrocycles that was not observed for the DMPDA macrocycles. <br></div><div><br></div><div>Given the structural similarity of these monomers, these findings demonstrate that the stacking processes associated with nanotubes derived from these macrocycles, as well as for the corresponding COFs, are complex and susceptible to kinetic traps, casting doubt on the relevance of thermodynamic arguments for improving materials quality. <br></div>

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