scholarly journals Shallow Versus Deep Integration Between Mediterranean Countries and the EU and Within the Mediterranean Region

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Farouk Ghoneim ◽  
Javier Lopez Gonzalez ◽  
Maximiliano Mendez Parra ◽  
Nicolas Peridy
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Deep Integration ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL MECHANISMS TO COUNTERACTION ILLEGAL MIGRATION BY SEA

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
S. O. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Globalization, imbalance in development of states, economic and political crises, search for a better life and military action often force people to leave their usual places of residence. A significant component of migration processes is illegal migration, which is especially dangerous when carried out by sea. The fragmentary nature of modern legal research in this area has led to the choice of the article to describe modern organizational and legal mechanisms to counteraction illegal migration by sea in the ongoing pandemic and develop proposals for their improvement. Based on the application of research methodology, which combines a number of general scientific (dialectical, historical) and special legal (formal legal, scientific forecasting) methods of scientific research, the article clarifies the dynamics of migration processes in the modern world. With the Mediterranean region serving as the example, their illegal component is characterized. Political, legal and organizational directions of cooperation of states in the counteraction against illegal migration are singled out, with the description of their relationship provided. It is noted that the availability of modern legal instruments has not helped to cope with the increasing number of migration flows and the consequences of illegal migration in the mid‑2010s in the EU. The impact of border restrictions due to the spread of the COVID‑19 pandemic was not significant. The decline in illegal migration in the Mediterranean region is due to other organizational measures. It is concluded that it is currently necessary to ensure high-quality implementation of international law, IMO and other international institutions’ recommendations. There is the need to develop and improve bylaws directly related to counteraction illegal migration at sea. The responsibility of states, their vessels and rescue services and migrants on board vessels that do not meet maritime safety requirements should also be addressed.

Necessity and basis for establishment of European guidelines for reclaimed wastewater in the Mediterranean region

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 303-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Helena F. Marecos do Monte ◽  
Andreas N. Angelakis ◽  
Takashi Asano
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Institutional Management ◽  
European Guidelines ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Sound Policy

The use of reclaimed wastewater for irrigation contributes to water conservation and, therefore, is an important component of a sound policy for water resources management in the Mediterranean region. With the exception of France and Germany, European Mediterranean countries have not established guidelines for the use of reclaimed wastewater for irrigation. The existence of such guidelines means an important step in the planning and implementation of safe use of reclaimed wastewater for irrigation, because it contributes to a sustainable development of landscape and agricultural irrigation. Guidelines for reclaimed wastewater use for irrigation must clearly define what is allowed and what is forbidden to execute. This can be defined in great detail or in a broad manner, but must take into account some important specific local conditions, such as the quality of reclaimed wastewater, soil, climate, relevant crops and agricultural practices. Consequently, experimentation means a key-support to establishing guidelines. The experience from a research project with different type of reclaimed wastewater, crops and irrigation methods carried out for several years in the climatic Mediterranean region of Portugal brings some contribution to the technical content of possible European guidelines. Other aspects to be included in the proposed guidelines, such as monitoring and institutional management are also presented.

Purchasing Power Parity versus the EU in the Mediterranean countries

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Camarero ◽  
Juan Carlos Cuestas ◽  
Javier Ordóñez
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Review of Wastewater Reuse in the Mediterranean Countries, Focusing on Regulations and Policies for Municipal and Industrial Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-350 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean

The present paper reviews the wastewater reuse regulations, practices and applications of countries around the Mediterranean Region, particularly focusing on reuse practices for municipal and industrial uses. Water scarcity and water need is established in Mediterranean countries using international indexes for a cross-border comparison of water availability specifically for fresh water supply for municipal and industrial applications. Wastewater reuse criteria based on necessary, application specific, treatment output quality are presented. Data for each individual country is reviewed, and the regulations governing each country around reuse and applications are summarized, focusing, when appropriate, on the production and use of reclaimed wastewater for municipal and industrial applications. Also a critical overview of the guidelines and regulations governing these countries is presented. After considering multiple parameters associated with adoption of municipal and industrial wastewater reuse, such as water supply and scarcity, country and regional parameters, as well as possible applications, we note that adoption is accelerated in countries that have stronger economies and higher water needs. This development is fueled by favorable guidelines and regulations; conversely it is hindered by prohibitive guidelines and regulations. Wastewater reuse for municipal and industrial applications so far remains a whimsical game of culture, perception, religion, available technology and politics. An increasing trend in wastewater treatment plant construction and planning is seen in almost all the countries of the Mediterranean region. In addition, reuse water standards are in the process of being developed in a way that will clearly take into account the local conditions while reasonably safeguarding the public health. Wastewater reuse for municipal and industrial applications in Mediterranean countries remains at the beginning stages of adoption and the potential for improvement is open.

scholarly journals BARCELONA PROCESS:CREATION OF THE UNION FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN

2017 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Natalya Anikeeva
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Special Position ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Union For The Mediterranean ◽  
The Eu

The article notes that the geographical location and historical links with the Mediterranean countries, together with the accession to the EU resulted in a special position of Spain as the initiator of the Barcelona process: meetings and conferences at various levels for the development of Euro-Mediterranean cooperation in different spheres within the EU. Creation of the Union for the Mediterranean was actually a continuation of the Barcelona process

scholarly journals The effects of environmental risk on consumption dynamics: an empirical analysis on the Mediterranean countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Baiardi ◽  
Matteo Manera ◽  
Mario Menegatti
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Relative Risk Aversion ◽  
Consumption Growth ◽  
Relative Preference ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Consumption Dynamics

AbstractThis paper estimates a theory-based regression model which studies the macro-economic impact of environmental and consumption risks on consumption growth in the Mediterranean region. The analysis is carried out using time series aggregate data for 13 Mediterranean countries over the period 1965–2008. The results indicate that both risks and their interaction significantly influence consumption dynamics. The estimates of the indices of relative risk aversion and relative prudence, as well as the relative preference for the quality of environment, suggest marked cross-country heterogeneity.

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