Urban Primacy and Government Effectiveness: Theory and Evidence

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney C. Turner ◽  
Kingsley E. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Urban Primacy

An Analysis of Urban Primacy: The Case of Kolkata

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayantani Sarkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Primacy

scholarly journals The Influence of Government Effectiveness and Corruption on the High Levels of Homicide in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Spencer P. Chainey ◽  
Gonzalo Croci ◽  
Laura Juliana Rodriguez Forero
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
International Variation ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin America Region

Most research that has examined the international variation in homicide levels has focused on structural variables, with the suggestion that socio-economic development operates as a cure for violence. In Latin America, development has occurred, but high homicide levels remain, suggesting the involvement of other influencing factors. We posit that government effectiveness and corruption control may contribute to explaining the variation in homicide levels, and in particular in the Latin America region. Our results show that social and economic structural variables are useful but are not conclusive in explaining the variation in homicide levels and that the relationship between homicide, government effectiveness, and corruption control was significant and highly pronounced for countries in the Latin American region. The findings highlight the importance of supporting institutions in improving their effectiveness in Latin America so that reductions in homicide (and improvements in citizen security in general) can be achieved.

scholarly journals How does globalization affect COVID-19 responses?

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve J. Bickley ◽  
Ho Fai Chan ◽  
Ahmed Skali ◽  
David Stadelmann ◽  
Benno Torgler
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
High Government

Abstract Background The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vast differences in approaches to the control and containment of coronavirus across the world and has demonstrated the varied success of such approaches in minimizing the transmission of coronavirus. While previous studies have demonstrated high predictive power of incorporating air travel data and governmental policy responses in global disease transmission modelling, factors influencing the decision to implement travel and border restriction policies have attracted relatively less attention. This paper examines the role of globalization on the pace of adoption of international travel-related non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the coronavirus pandemic. This study aims to offer advice on how to improve the global planning, preparation, and coordination of actions and policy responses during future infectious disease outbreaks with empirical evidence. Methods and data We analyzed data on international travel restrictions in response to COVID-19 of 185 countries from January to October 2020. We applied time-to-event analysis to examine the relationship between globalization and the timing of travel restrictions implementation. Results The results of our survival analysis suggest that, in general, more globalized countries, accounting for the country-specific timing of the virus outbreak and other factors, are more likely to adopt international travel restrictions policies. However, countries with high government effectiveness and globalization were more cautious in implementing travel restrictions, particularly if through formal political and trade policy integration. This finding is supported by a placebo analysis of domestic NPIs, where such a relationship is absent. Additionally, we find that globalized countries with high state capacity are more likely to have higher numbers of confirmed cases by the time a first restriction policy measure was taken. Conclusions The findings highlight the dynamic relationship between globalization and protectionism when governments respond to significant global events such as a public health crisis. We suggest that the observed caution of policy implementation by countries with high government efficiency and globalization is a by-product of commitment to existing trade agreements, a greater desire to ‘learn from others’ and also perhaps of ‘confidence’ in a government’s ability to deal with a pandemic through its health system and state capacity. Our results suggest further research is warranted to explore whether global infectious disease forecasting could be improved by including the globalization index and in particular, the de jure economic and political, and de facto social dimensions of globalization, while accounting for the mediating role of government effectiveness. By acting as proxies for a countries’ likelihood and speed of implementation for international travel restriction policies, such measures may predict the likely time delays in disease emergence and transmission across national borders.

scholarly journals Stay at Home! Governance Quality and Effectiveness of Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Alfano ◽  
Salvatore Ercolano
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Regulatory Quality ◽  
Governance Quality ◽  
World Governance Indicators ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn order to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, during the first wave of the pandemic numerous countries decided to adopt lockdown policies. It had been a considerable time since such measures were last introduced, and the first time that they were implemented on such a global scale in a contemporary, information intensive society. The effectiveness of such measures may depend on how citizens perceive the capacity of government to set up and implement sound policies. Indeed, lockdown and confinement policies in general are binding measures that people are not used to, and which raise serious concerns among the population. For this reason governance quality could affect the perception of the benefits related to the government’s choice to impose lockdown, making citizens more inclined to accept it and restrict their movements. In the present paper we empirically investigate the relation between the efficacy of lockdown and governance quality (measured through World Governance Indicators). Our results suggest that countries with higher levels of government effectiveness, rule of law and regulatory quality reach better results in adopting lockdown measures.

scholarly journals Enhancing governance for environmental sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 014459871990065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simplice A Asongu ◽  
Nicholas M Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Institutional Governance ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Political Governance

This study assesses whether improving governance standards affects environmental quality in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000–2012. The empirical evidence is based on generalized method of moments. Bundled and unbundled governance dynamics are used, notably: (i) political governance (consisting of political stability and “voice and accountability”); (ii) economic governance (entailing government effectiveness and regulation quality), (iii) institutional governance (represented by the rule of law and corruption-control); and (iv) general governance (encompassing political, economic, and institutional governance dynamics). The following hypotheses are tested: (i) Hypothesis 1 ( improving political governance is negatively related to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions); (ii) Hypothesis 2 ( increasing economic governance is negatively related to CO2 emissions); and (iii) Hypothesis 3 ( enhancing institutional governance is negatively related to CO2 emissions). Results of the tested hypotheses show that the validity of Hypothesis 3 cannot be determined based on the results; Hypothesis 2 is not valid, while Hypothesis 1 is partially not valid. The main policy implication is that governance standards need to be further improved in order for government quality to generate the expected unfavorable effects on CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Hypothesizing directional causality between the governance indicators and economic growth: the case of Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Naim Azimi ◽  
Mohammad Musa Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Wald Test ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis paper examines the causal relationship between governance indicators and economic growth in Afghanistan. We use a set of quarterly time series data from 2003Q1 to 2018Q4 to test our hypothesis. Following Toda and Yamamoto’s (J Econom 66(1–2):225–250, 1995. 10.1016/0304-4076(94)01616-8) vector autoregressive model and the modified Wald test, our empirical results show a unidirectional causality between the government effectiveness, rule of law, and the economic growth. Our findings exhibit significant causal relationships running from economic growth to the eradication of corruption, the establishment of the rule of law, quality of regulatory measures, government effectiveness, and political stability. More interestingly, we support the significant multidimensional causality hypothesis among the governance indicators. Overall, our findings not only reveal causality between economic growth and governance indicators, but they also show interdependencies among the governance indicators.

El principio de autonomía local en el régimen vasco del gobierno local

2017 ◽  
pp. 81-106
Author(s):  
Luciano PAREJO ALFONSO
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Legal System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Broad Interpretation

LABURPENA: Lan honen hasieran toki-gobernuaren EAEko araubide legalari dagokion planteamendua zehaztu da, baita estatu mailako esparru konstituzionalean eta legalean txertatzeko baldintzak ere (modu zabal eta ulergarrian interpretatuz bai Tokiko Autonomiaren Europako Gutunaren, bai Europar Batasuneko jatorrizko eskubidearen aurreikuspenak); planteamendu horrek, ondorioz, Euskadiko lurralde-antolaketa berezian bete beharko duen funtzioa ere aztertu da; jarraian, toki-autonomiaren printzipioaren erabateko garapena identifikatu du, EAEko legelariaren funtsezko helburu gisa, eta definitutako toki-gobernuaren estatutuan helburu horrek izango lituzkeen ondorioak argitu ditu. Oinarri horretatik abiatuta tokiko autonomiaren kontzepzioa aztertu du, eta horri erantzuten dio; bukatzeko, aipatutako autonomiaren eraginkortasuna bermatzeko baliatutako prebentzio-mekanismo berritzaileak azaldu ditu. RESUMEN: Este trabajo comienza por precisar el planteamiento a que responde el régimen legal vasco del gobierno local, los términos de su inserción en el marco constitucional y legal estatal (interpretado correctamente de forma amplia y comprensiva, por tanto, de las previsiones tanto de la Carta Europea de Autonomía Local, como del Derecho originario de la Unión Europea) y la consecuente función que está destinado a cumplir en la peculiar organización territorial de Euskadi, para identificar seguidamente el pleno desarrollo del principio de autonomía local como objetivo fundamental del legislador vasco y precisar las consecuencias de tal objetivo en el estatuto del gobierno local que define. Sobre esta base analiza la concepción de la autonomía local en la que descansa y a la que el mismo responde para concluir con la exposición de los novedosos mecanismos preventivos que pone al servicio de la garantía de la efectividad de la referida autonomía. ABSTRACT: This paper aims at specifying the legal system rationale for the Basque Country’s local government, the terms of its insertion within the Constitutional and legal framework at the National level –with a broad interpretation, including, therefore, both, the European Charter of Local Self-Government, and the European Primary Law-, and the resulting role this legal system has to play in the special territorial organization of Euskadi. Following that, the paper tries to identify the full development of the principle of local self-government as the main objective of the Basque legislator, indicating its consequences within the local government statute defined by it. On this basis, the paper analyzes the local self-government conception of the principle previously indicated, and concludes outlining new preventive mechanisms that are placed in the service of the referred self-government effectiveness.

scholarly journals Causes of corruption: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Ato Forson ◽  
Theresa Yaaba Baah-Ennumh ◽  
Ponlapat Buracom ◽  
Guojin Chen ◽  
Peng Zhen
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
National Development ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Regulatory Quality ◽  
Sub Saharan

This study explores the causes of corruption in 22 countries in sub-Saharan Africa from 1996 to 2013. The sources of corruption are grouped into three main thematic areas – historical roots, contemporary causes and institutional causes to make way for subjective and objective measures. The subjective measures allow for assessment of the effectiveness of anticorruption policies. Using pooled OLS, fixed-effect and instrumental-variable approaches, and focusing on the perceived level of corruption as the dependent variable, we find that ethnic diversity, resource abundance and educational attainment are markedly less associated with corruption. In contrast, wage levels of bureaucrats and anticorruption measures based on government effectiveness and regulatory quality breed substantial corruption. Press freedom is found to be variedly associated with corruption. On the basis of these findings, we recommend that the fight against corruption on the continent needs to be reinvented through qualitative and assertive institutional reforms. Anticorruption policy decisions should focus on existing educational systems as a conduit for intensifying awareness of the devastating effect of corruption on sustainable national development.

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