scholarly journals The Community Reinvestment Act, Lending Discrimination, and the Role of Community Development Banks

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri B. Papadimitriou ◽  
Ronnie J. Phillips ◽  
L. Randall Wray
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Community Reinvestment Act ◽  
Community Reinvestment ◽  
Lending Discrimination ◽  
Development Banks

The Community Reinvestment Act as a Catalyst for Integration and an Antidote to Concentrated Poverty

2018 ◽  
pp. 120-145
Author(s):  
John Taylor ◽  
Josh Silver
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Community Reinvestment Act ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Federal Programs ◽  
Business Ownership ◽  
Community Reinvestment ◽  
Lending Discrimination ◽  
The Us ◽  
Responsible Lending

Policymakers tend to focus on federal programs as remedies to poverty. While important, the largest of these programs do not combat poverty’s geographic aspects. The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) imposes an affirmative obligation on banks to meet the credit needs of low- and moderate-income (LMI) neighborhoods. The act is designed to promote affordable housing and economic development by combating lending discrimination, thereby alleviating poverty and building wealth in LMI areas. Federal CRA exams rate banks on their loans and investments in LMI neighborhoods. By promoting responsible lending, the CRA has increased homeownership and small-business ownership in those neighborhoods. However, the act’s full potential to combat concentrations of poverty has not been realized. This chapter explores how improved examination procedures can make the CRA more effective in promoting integration in gentrifying and distressed neighborhoods and how the CRA can be combined with the US Department of Housing and Urban Development’s recent fair housing rule and other anti-poverty programs to combat concentrations of poverty.

Role of the Community Reinvestment Act in Mortgage Supply and the U.S. Housing Boom

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 5288-5332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Saadi
Keyword(s):  
House Price ◽  
Mortgage Lending ◽  
Community Reinvestment Act ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Community Reinvestment ◽  
Housing Boom ◽  
Price Growth ◽  
Boom Period ◽  
The U.S

Abstract This paper studies the role of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) in the U.S. housing boom-bust cycle. I find that enhanced CRA enforcement in 1998 increased the growth rate of mortgage lending by CRA-regulated banks to CRA-eligible census tracts. I show that during the boom period house price growth was higher in the eligible census tracts because of the shift in mortgage supply of regulated banks. Consequently, these census tracts experienced a worse housing bust. I find that CRA-induced mortgages were awarded to borrowers with lower FICO scores and were more frequently delinquent.

Catch them Young : Role of Educational Institutions in Community Development- A Descriptive Study on the Perception of College Students in Chennai

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 170-182
Author(s):  
Dr. R. Sundari ◽  
Ms. Sangeetha Manoj
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Grass Root Level

Community Development is a process of collective action taken by the members of a community to generate solutions for common problems.  The aspects of community well being namely Economic, Social, Environmental and Cultural well being evolves from this type of collective action taken at multiple societal levels. (Weaver, 1971) defines community development as a process of “A public-group approach dedicated to achieving the goals of the total body politic.” Therefore, it is evident that a community can be developed through the effective participation of citizens. It is universally acceptable that community service is a vehicle for safeguarding the environment that is initiated from the participants of the community. In order to imbibe the community consciousness among the citizens, every country should “Catch them Young”. The purpose of the paper is to integrate Participative Model (Active Citizenship, Citizen Networks and Co-production) with Self-service Model (Social Governance, Societal Discipline and Accountability). National and international reviews show that the perception about the community and realisation has to be ingrained at the grass root level; this can be achieved through the participation of academic institutions. This paper is an attempt to highlight. The initiatives taken by educational institutions to imbibe social consciousness, The perceptions of students about their role in community development, and, To identify the effective Private Public Partnership areas for community building Factor analysis has been applied to identify the role of educational institutions and individual citizen’s( Students) in building community consciousness. Linear Regression had been applied in the study to measure the influence of Educational Institutions on the role of Students in building the community.  A weighted average score is awarded by the students for the potential areas of public private partnership for community development is highlighted. The results of the study provide an impact created by the institution over the students. The Study also, consolidates some of the successful community bonding and building activities carried out Academic Institutions.

scholarly journals Role of Local Government in Community Development Projects in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria: Implication for Adult Educators

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110266
Author(s):  
Matthias U. Agboeze ◽  
Georgina Chinagorom Eze ◽  
Prince Onyemaechi Nweke ◽  
Ngozi Justina Igwe ◽  
Onyeodiri Charity Imo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Adult Educators ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Development Officers ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
The Government

This study examined the role of local government in community development in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. A total of 420 people participated in the study. The study sample of 420 persons comprised 220 community development officers selected from the study area and 200 adult educators randomly selected from Enugu State. The entire population of the study was used due to the size. A 21-item structured questionnaire developed by the researchers was used as the instrument for data collection. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. The study revealed that the budget allocation sent by the government to the responsible departments in the local government is not always received as and when due for the effective implementation of community development projects. It was concluded that a higher monitoring authority should be set aside to monitor and supervise the existence of checks and balances between the regulations of the local government areas.

PERAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA GEMAWANG KECAMATAN JAMBU

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anafil Indriya ◽  
Maya Aresteria ◽  
Stacia Reviany Mege
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Participation Level ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
A Company

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the responsibility of a company to commit to running a business ethically, morally, and contributing to economic development and improving people's lives. Gemawang Village, Jambu Regency, Ambawara, is one of the locations for CSR recipients. This location is the object of this research. This study aims to analyze the role of CSR in enhancing community development, as well as to find out the obstacles faced by companies in increasing community development through CSR. This research method uses qualitative methods, where there are several key informants as sources of information. The indicators used in this study are the level of effectiveness, level of suitability, level of participation, level of empowerment, and level of sustainability. Based on the results of research in Gemawang Village, Jambu District, it can be concluded that CSR assistance provided by the company can improve community development and living standards. Keywords: CSR, Corporate Social Responsibility, Level of Effectiveness, Level of Empowerement

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