Defying the Law of Gravity: The Political Economy of International Migration

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Leblang ◽  
Jennifer Fitzgerald ◽  
Jessica Teets
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
International Migration ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Of Gravity

scholarly journals A Política Migratória Brasileira em Perspectiva Comparada: Uma Análise a partir e sobre o Índice de Concessão de Cidadania

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Eduardo Matos Oliveira ◽  
Marcelo De Almeida Medeiros ◽  
Leonardo Gill Santos ◽  
Mariana Cockles Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
International Migration ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Of Gravity

O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma extensão do estudo apresentado por J. Fitzgerald, D. Leblang e J. Teets no artigo “Defying the Law of Gravity: The Political Economy of International Migration” na revista World Politics em 2014. Os autores analisam a relação entre o fluxo migratório internacional e as condições políticas internas nos países de destino. Para isso, eles elaboraram um índice que avalia o rigor no procedimento de concessão de cidadania em centros receptores e utilizaram esta medida como referência para a abertura política do país em relação aos imigrantes. Entretanto, o Brasil não foi acrescentado na lista de países que foram codificados no índice como ponto de destino. Iremos, portanto, suprir esta lacuna, a fim de comparar a política brasileira de concessão de nacionalidade para estrangeiros com outros países que também recebem um grande fluxo de pessoas. A partir dos resultados foi possível questionar a validade da medida, visto que o Brasil apresenta um perfil de abertura política de acordo com os critérios elencados pelo índice, apesar da legislação brasileira ter um caráter autoritário e conter sérias restrições à liberdade dos imigrantes.

Defying the Law of Gravity: The Political Economy of International Migration

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fitzgerald ◽  
David Leblang ◽  
Jessica C. Teets
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Income Differentials ◽  
Political Environments ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Law Of Gravity

Bilateral flows of international migrants exhibit tremendous variance both across destination countries and over time. To explain this variance, studies of international migration tend to focus on economic determinants such as income differentials or on social conditions such as the presence of coethnics in certain destination countries. The authors argue that migration is driven not solely by economic or social determinants; rather, the political environment across destinations plays a substantively large role in influencing bilateral migration flows. They test the importance of the political environment—citizenship rights and the prominence of right-wing parties—using data on migration flows from 178 origin countries into 18 destination countries over the period 1980–2006. They find, even after controlling for a variety of economic, social, policy, and international variables, that variation in political environments across time and destination plays a key role in observed patterns of international migration.

scholarly journals On Foreign Investor ‘Privilege’ and the Limits of the Law: A Reply to Ivar Alvik

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-319
Author(s):  
Jürgen Kurtz
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
International Investment ◽  
The Political ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
State Action ◽  
Investment Treaty ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
Internal Problem ◽  
The Law ◽  
Domestic Companies

Abstract International investment treaties are structurally characterized by inherent asymmetry in the (non-relative) legal protections extended to foreign investors vis-à-vis domestic companies and nationals. For many lawyers, ‘foreign privilege’ is deeply problematic as it violates a foundational legal principle – namely, equality before the law. Yet law and law alone cannot always offer a definitive answer of this sort. At the very least, legal hypotheses should be rigorously tested against insights from other disciplines that can offer sharp analytical light on the complex contours of a given phenomenon. In this reply, I explore the political economy of host state policy as it is formed against three categories of foreign direct investment (FDI). Conceptually (and empirically), this political economy matrix reveals sharply varying levels of risk of hostile state action against distinct forms of FDI. To be sure, this analysis alone does not justify the traditional and expansive model of bilateral investment treaty protections. Yet, at least for some categories, this political economy case reveals an internal problem that is difficult (if not impossible) for the state itself to resolve, and, thus, it may well be rational for such a state to leverage international norms to extend qualified extra-domestic priority to foreign actors.

The Political Economy of Customary Law in the Former British Territories of Africa

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Seidman ◽  
Robert B. Seidman
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
The Political ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Law ◽  
Political Structures

In assessing customary law two quite contradictory tendencies exist. Some approach customary law deferentially, even reverently. This constitutes “our” law. It expresses “our” values. We must nurture it. Others take precisely the opposite perception. Customary law constitutes the law of primitive tribes; we aim to become modern;ergo, we must do away with customary law. How to choose between these quite conflicting perspectives?We argue that to understand customary law, we must understand its political economy, that is, the function it performs in existing socio-economic and political structures, particularly with respect to the class interests involved. We undertake here to put forward our understanding of the political economy of customary law in the English-speaking countries of Africa. To do that, we describe, first, the difficulties which require explanation and solution, that is, the poverty and vulnerability of the mass of Africa's people; second, for that poverty, we attempt an explanation, which takes the legal order as the manipulable variable; and, finally, we suggest briefly options for reform and change.

Law and Corporate Malfeasance in Neoliberal India

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1157-1171
Author(s):  
Nikhil Deb
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Marginalized Populations ◽  
The World ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
The Law ◽  
Neoliberal India ◽  
Capitalist Firms

Critical sociolegal scholars highlight how the law favors powerful actors in handling the socioenvironmental devastation affecting marginalized populations. What receives scant attention is how the neoliberalization of the world economy has further enabled powerful capitalist firms to shape the legal path in their own favor and to the detriment of the marginalized. Union Carbide’s 1984 Bhopal catastrophe killed 25,000, injured 600,000, and left prolonged consequences. This paper advances our understanding of the political economy of law by analyzing the handling of death and devastation in Bhopal. Drawing data from 60 interviews with Bhopal victim activists and archives, it advances the argument that the law mirrors the interests of the neoliberal actors of capital. Findings suggest that the law has not only proved unable to safeguard the weakest elements of Bhopal society, but also the pursuit of legal solutions under neoliberalism is incapable of addressing the long-term harms affecting marginalized Bhopalis.

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