The Interpretation of 'Likely' Depends on the Context, But 70% is 70% - Right? The Influence of Associative Processes on Perceived Certainty

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Windschitl ◽  
Elke U. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Associative Processes

Triggers of Thought: Impressions within Hume’s Theory of Mind

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
Anik Waldow
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Associative Processes ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
The World ◽  
Theories Of Meaning ◽  
Conceptual Resources

This essay argues that Humean impressions are triggers of associative processes, which enable us to form stable patterns of thought that co-vary with our experiences of the world. It will thus challenge the importance of the Copy Principle by claiming that it is the regularity with which certain kinds of sensory inputs motivate certain sets of complex ideas that matters for the discrimination of ideas. This reading is conducive to Hume’s account of perception, because it avoids the impoverishment of conceptual resources so typical for empiricist theories of meaning and explains why ideas should be based on impressions, although impressions cannot be known to mirror matters of fact. Dieser Aufsatz argumentiert dafür, dass humesche Eindrücke („impressions“) Auslöser von assoziativen Prozessen sind, welche es uns ermöglichen, stabile Denkmuster zu bilden, die mit unseren Erfahrungen der Welt kovariant sind. Der Aufsatz stellt somit die Wichtigkeit des Kopien-Prinzips in Frage, nämlich dadurch, dass behauptet wird, für die Unterscheidung der Ideen sei die Regelmäßigkeit maßgeblich, mit der gewisse Arten von sensorischen Eingaben gewisse Mengen von komplexen Ideen motivieren. Diese Lesart trägt zu einem Verständnis von Humes Auffassung der Wahrnehmung bei, da sie die Verarmung der begrifflichen Mittel, die für empiristische Theorien der Bedeutung so typisch ist, vermeidet und erklärt, warum Ideen auf Eindrücken basieren sollten, obwohl Eindrücke nicht als Abbildungen von Tatsachen erkannt werden können.

Associative processes in differentially reared rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Blocking

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Beauchamp ◽  
John P. Gluck ◽  
H. Edward Fouty ◽  
Mark H. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Associative Processes

Hyperactivity of Associations in Psychosis

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Miller
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Inductive Inference ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Acute Psychosis ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Neuroleptic Treatment ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Associative Processes ◽  
Psychotic State ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Disordered associative processes have long been regarded as central to the psychological description of psychotic states such as acute schizophrenia. Previous work is briefly summarised concerning the idea that hyperactive associative processes of thought underlie many of the symptoms of psychosis. The idea is developed further, with respect to several features of the psychotic state. Schneiderian symptoms are seenas a consequence of hyperactive associations of thought, combined with perceptual hypersensitivity characteristic of many psychotic individuals. Anxiety in psychotic states is seen as arising from the great ambiguity of mental images when associations are loosened. A vicious circle between high anxiety and hyperactive associations is postulated. The slow and variable response to neuroleptic treatment is seen as being determined in part by the dynamics of change of the memories acquired during a period of hyperactive associations. This essay has dealt exclusively with the positive (productive) symptoms of psychosis, and their treatment. It has briefly traced the origin of the idea that hyperactive associations of thought (i.e. of inductive inference) play an important part in the psychology of acute psychosis. Further it has attempted to show that this idea can be extended to give an account of Schneiderian symptoms, the high anxiety levels commonly found in acute psychosis, as well as the great variability in the rate and extent of response to drug treatment. The negative symptoms of schizophrenia are not included in the discussion. Some of these symptoms are not responsive to neuroleptic drugs. This leads one to suspect that other pathological processes in addition to those discussed above may be involved in the genesis of the negative symptoms.

The Minnesota conference on associative processes in verbal behavior.

1957 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 499-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Jenkins ◽  
Leo J. Postman
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Behavior ◽  
Associative Processes

scholarly journals Subthalamic and Striatal Neurons Concurrently Process Motor, Limbic, and Associative Information in Rats Performing an Operant Task

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 2042-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Teagarden ◽  
George V. Rebec
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Data ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Firing Patterns ◽  
Associative Processes ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Sucrose Reinforcement ◽  
Operant Task ◽  
Anatomical Evidence ◽  
Do So

Although the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is commonly assumed to be a relay for striatal (STR) output, anatomical evidence suggests the two structures are connected in parallel, raising the possibility that parallel STN and STR firing patterns mediate behavioral processes. The STR is known to play a role in associative and limbic processes, and although behavioral studies suggest that the STN may do so as well, evaluation of this hypothesis is complicated by a lack of pertinent STN physiological data. We recorded concurrent STN and STR firing patterns in rats learning an operant nose-poke task. Both structures responded in similar proportions to task events including instructive cues, discriminative nose-pokes, and sucrose reinforcement. Neuronal responses to reinforcement comprised phasic excitations preceding reinforcement and inhibitions afterward; the inhibition was attenuated when reinforcement was absent. Reinforcement responses occurred more frequently during later training sessions in which discriminative action was required, suggesting that responses were context-dependent. Nose-pokes were typically preceded by excitations; there also was a nonsignificant trend toward inhibition encoding correct nose-pokes. Sustained changes in firing rate coinciding with specific task events suggested that both nuclei were encoding behavioral sequences; this is the first report of such behavior in the STN. Our findings also reveal complex STN responses to reinforcement. Thus both STN and STR neurons show concurrent involvement in motor, limbic, and associative processes.

Incidental framing effects and associative processes: a study of attribute frames in broadcast news stories

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Schneider ◽  
Monica D. Burke ◽  
Andrew L. Solomonson ◽  
Suzanne K. Laurion
Keyword(s):  
Framing Effects ◽  
Broadcast News ◽  
Associative Processes ◽  
News Stories
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