The Impact of Target Setting on Managerial Motivation & Performance

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kominis ◽  
Clive R. Emmanuel ◽  
Sergeja Slapnicar
Keyword(s):  
Target Setting ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals POS0492 A MOLECULAR SIGNATURE RESPONSE CLASSIFIER PREDICTS THE LIKELIHOOD OF EULAR NON-RESPONSE TO TNF INHIBITOR THERAPIES IN RA: RESULTS FROM A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 478.2-479
Author(s):  
L. Zhang ◽  
C. van der Tog ◽  
A. den Broeder ◽  
T. Mellors ◽  
E. Connolly-Strong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Response Criteria ◽  
Treat To Target ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Tnf Inhibitor ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
The Impact

Background:Following RA treatment recommendations, most people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) begin targeted therapy with TNF inhibitors (TNFi), even though inadequate response to TNFi therapies is widespread. Treatment changes from one medication to the next are currently fueled by disease-activity measures and eventually result in disease control for most patients; however, this “trial-and-error” approach wastes precious time on ineffective treatments. A delay in reaching treat-to-target goals has a negative effect on patient burden and, possibly, disease progression.1 Useful predictors for TNFi response have been challenging to identify but a specific molecular signature response classifier (MSRC) test was shown to be predictive for inadequate response to TNFi therapies.2 The impact of such identification has the potential to result in improved patient outcomes, but further validation would be welcome, especially for response criteria other than ACR50, and in a stringent treat-to-target setting with lower baseline disease activity.Objectives:To validate the predictive value of the MSRC test in identifying those patients who do not meet EULAR good response criteria after 6 months of TNFi treatment.Methods:Data from a prospective cohort study conducted in the Sint Maartenskliniek (Nijmegen, the Netherlands) of RA patients who started adalimumab or etanercept TNFi as their first biologic were included.3 Baseline RNA samples and clinical assessments were used to identify patients who had a molecular signature1 of non-response to TNFi therapy. Outcomes were calculated at six months using DAS28-CRP-based EULAR good response, and high and low confidence responders and non-responders were identified using Monte Carlo simulation with 2,000 repeats and 70% precision cut off. Outcome measurements were blinded for test results. Treatment switch before 6 months was imputed as non-response. Odds ratios and area under the ROC curve (AUC) assessments were used to evaluate the ability of the MSRC test to predict inadequate response at 6 months against EULAR good response criteria.Results:A total of 68 out of 88 RA patients were identified to have a high-confidence response status and were included in analyses (Table 1). EULAR good response was observed in 45.5% (31/68) of patients. Patients were stratified according to detection of a molecular signature of non-response with an AUC of 0.61. The odds that a patient with the molecular signature of non-response at baseline failed to achieve a EULAR good response at 6 months was four times greater than that of a patient lacking the molecular signature (odds ratio 4.0, 95% confidence interval 1.2-13.3).Table 1.Patient demographicsCharacteristicRA patients (N = 68)Age, median (SD)57 (11)Female, n (%)43 (63.2)CCP positive, n (%)34 (50.0)RF positive, n (%)38 (55.9)Prescribed adalimumab at baseline, n (%)11 (16.2)Prescribed etanercept at baseline, n (%)57 (83.8)Conclusion:In this validation study, the molecular signature of non-response identified patients who did not fulfill the EULAR good response criteria to TNFi therapies. The patient selection process for this study had limitations; additional analysis in an alternative cohort would further verify the performance of the MSRC test. Nevertheless, the test, previously validated for ACR50, now has been validated using EULAR good response in a treat-to-target setting.References:[1]Schipper LG et al, Time to achieve remission determines time to be in remission. Arthritis Res Ther 201[2]Mellors T, et al. Clinical Validation of a Blood-Based Predictive Test for Stratification of Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapies in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Network and Systems Medicine 2020[3]Tweehuysen L et al. Predictive value of ex-vivo drug-inhibited cytokine production for clinical response to biologic DMARD therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2019Disclosure of Interests:Lixia Zhang Shareholder of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Employee of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Celeste van der Tog: None declared, Alfons den Broeder Consultant of: Abbvie, Amgen, Cellgene, Roche, Biogen, Lilly, Novartis, Celltrion Sanofi, Gilead., Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Amgen, Cellgene, Roche, Biogen, Lilly, Novartis, Celltrion Sanofi, Gilead., Ted Mellors Shareholder of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Employee of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Erin Connolly-Strong Shareholder of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Employee of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Johanna Withers Shareholder of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Employee of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Alex Jones Shareholder of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Employee of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Viatcheslav Akmaev Shareholder of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Employee of: Scipher Medicine Corporation

Enhancing Firm Competitiveness through Concurrent Implementation of TQM, JIT and TPM

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 976-982
Author(s):  
Lukman Sukarma
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Performance Targets ◽  
World Class ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Simultaneous Implementation ◽  
World Class Manufacturing

As a continuation of the previous paper by the author for this conference, this article provides empirical evidence for the impact of concurrent implementation of TQM, JIT and TPM in enhancing company performance, and hence its competitiveness. In doing this, ingredients of World Class Manufacturing company performance are reviewed, hypotheses and research methodology are developed, and data are analysed to verify the hypotheses. It is confirmed that plants implementing TQM, JIT and TPM concurrently outperform those, which implement only one or two of the methods, and there is no difference in performance among plants using either one or two of the methods. Further investigation on the causes of difference in performance reveals that, in addition to simultaneous implementation of the three methods, the establishment of performance targets leads to better performance. However, there is insufficient evidence to claim that involving employees in target setting has an effect on performance.

The carbon footprint of an Australian satellite haemodialysis unit

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan E. K. Lim ◽  
Anthony Perkins ◽  
John W. M. Agar
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
National Level ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The State ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. This study aimed to better understand the carbon emission impact of haemodialysis (HD) throughout Australia by determining its carbon footprint, the relative contributions of various sectors to this footprint, and how contributions from electricity and water consumption are affected by local factors. Methods. Activity data associated with HD provision at a 6-chair suburban satellite HD unit in Victoria in 2011 was collected and converted to a common measurement unit of tonnes of CO2 equivalents (t CO2-eq) via established emissions factors. For electricity and water consumption, emissions factors for other Australian locations were applied to assess the impact of local factors on these footprint contributors. Results. In Victoria, the annual per-patient carbon footprint of satellite HD was calculated to be 10.2 t CO2-eq. The largest contributors were pharmaceuticals (35.7%) and medical equipment (23.4%). Throughout Australia, the emissions percentage attributable to electricity consumption ranged from 5.2% to 18.6%, while the emissions percentage attributable to water use ranged from 4.0% to 11.6%. Conclusions. State-by-state contributions of energy and water use to the carbon footprint of satellite HD appear to vary significantly. Performing emissions planning and target setting at the state level may be more appropriate in the Australian context. What is known about the topic? Healthcare provision carries a significant environmental footprint. In particular, conventional HD uses substantial amounts of electricity and water. In the UK, provision of HD and peritoneal dialysis was found to have an annual per-patient carbon footprint of 7.1 t CO2-eq. What does this paper add? This is the first carbon-footprinting study of HD in Australia. In Victoria, the annual per-patient carbon footprint of satellite conventional HD is 10.2 t CO2-eq. Notably, the contributions of electricity and water consumption to the carbon footprint varies significantly throughout Australia when local factors are taken into account. What are the implications for practitioners? We recommend that healthcare providers consider local factors when planning emissions reduction strategies, and target setting should be performed at the state, as opposed to national, level. There is a need for more comprehensive and current emissions data to enable healthcare providers to do so.

scholarly journals Industrial dynamics in conditions of digitalization of economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
E. V. Yakovleva ◽  
◽  
Yu. S. Ilina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Industrial Dynamics ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of digitalization on the industry of Russian economy. The results of an analytical study of the impact of digitalization on the dynamics of manufacturing enterprises are presented. The target setting is focused on the analysis of industrial dynamics in the context of the digitalization of the economy and the identification of prerequisites for the formation of an intelligent infrastructure for technological development in industry. The relevance of the study is due to the need to modernize industrial enterprises in the digital economy by updating fixed assets and putting into operation new equipment and software products (Compass-3D, SolidWorks, Mathcad, etc.) in accordance with the pace of modern technologization

scholarly journals MODERN APPROACHES FOR ASSESSING THE COMPETITION LEVEL IN BANKING MARKET

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Nadiia Hryhorivna Vyadrova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Banking Competition ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
Competition Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Urgency of the research. The impact of competition on the cost of banking services, availability of financial resources, efficiency and speed of transformation of savings into investments determines the relevance and timeliness of developing an appropriate methodological approach, which involves calculating Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) to determine the competitive structure of the Ukrainian banking market. Target setting. Assessing the level of competition is the basis for establishing the relationship between the financial performance of banking and the competitiveness level of the bank and determine its ability to respond quickly to changes in market conditions. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis shows the importance of in-depth diagnosis of the level of banking competition to address the strategic development of banks. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The issues of assessing the level of competition in key segments of the banking market remain insufficiently researched. The research objective. A study of modern aspects of competition in the banking market and improvement of the methodological approach to assessing the competitiveness of banks using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (ННІ) The statement of basic materials. The proposed methodological approach involves the consistent implementation of the following procedures: assessing the level of penetration of the banking sector into the economy; determining the conditions of a competitive market; assessment of the concentration level using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. Conclusions. Approbation of this approach allowed to confirm the thesis of increasing the level of oligopolization of the industry. The results of the calculation of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, which takes into account the situation in the industry as a whole, and not only among market leaders, allows us to draw conclusions about the growing oligopolization of the banking market.

Accounting Performance Goals in CEO Compensation Contracts and Corporate Risk Taking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Xiaoling Chen ◽  
Minjeong (MJ) Kim ◽  
Laura Yue Li ◽  
Wei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Ceo Compensation ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Compensation Contracts ◽  
Accounting Performance ◽  
Corporate Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
D Investment

This study provides the first large-sample archival evidence on the impact of three commonly used accounting performance goals (thresholds, targets, and maximums) in CEO compensation contracts on corporate risk taking. Using proxy statement disclosure on performance goals for CEOs of U.S. public companies, we find that lower thresholds and higher maximums are associated with greater corporate risk taking, and these results are more pronounced when CEOs have greater incentives to achieve accounting performance goals or have lower innate risk aversion. In addition, we find that target difficulty is not significantly associated with corporate risk taking after controlling for thresholds and maximums. Finally, we find that CEO compensation contracts are more likely to have lower thresholds and higher maximums when risk taking is more value-enhancing or when R&D investment is more profitable, consistent with boards setting performance goals to induce an appropriate amount of corporate risk taking. Our study contributes to the accounting literature on target setting and corporate risk taking by identifying accounting performance goals as a tool in executive compensation contract design to influence risk taking. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND STRESS ANALYSIS OF WHEEL MOBILE ROBOT

2019 ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Lubica Miková
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mechatronic Systems ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Rugged Terrain ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Electronic Elements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Terrain Surface

Urgency of the research. In the context of design of new, improved devices or technical systems containing electronic elements, we are increasingly encountering the concepts like mechatronics, mechatronic systems, mechatronics system solving approach or just simply mechatronics. The impact of mechatronics is most noticeable in mobile mechatronic products, especially in the automotive industry, where mechatronic systems are increasingly being used. Target setting. The design a wheeled chassis with improved ability to cross rugged terrain. Its indivitual parts are subject of simualtions and stress ananlysis, which confirmed the advantage of the chosen design and mobility of the chassis. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Designing a robot for a specific purpose always involves several steps. Before considering the design of a robot, it is necessary to determine the environment in which it should operate. The problem of four or more wheeled chassis arises when the wheels are unsprung and the unevenness of the terrain surface causes loss of wheel contact with the terrain surface and thus loss of traction. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The question of the physical design of a mobile robot is uninvestigated, because it will be solved in future. The research objective. The main aim was design and stress analysis of individual parts of the mobile wheeled robot with improved ability to pass through rugged terrain. The statement of basic materials. The chassis is based on five modules which are connected between each other. Its steering ability against each other is determined by the upper connection cover. Two modules integrated between wheels are for storage, which can be used for battery sources or auxiliary control. Conclusions. All construction parts of this mobile robot were designed in Solidworks software, taking into account the simplicity of the structure and its ease of manufacture. The mobile chassis was tested in various terains simulations, where all his movements and terrain adaptation were monitored. The mobile chassis structure was recalculated from the point of view of the mechanics theory.

scholarly journals INTER-LEVEL SUBSTITUTION – THE CANONICAL FORM OF THE INTER-LEVEL BALANCE

2018 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Alexander Dubyagin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Canonical Form ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Mathematical Form ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Aggregate Form ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Object Based ◽  
External Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Urgency of the research. Inter-level substitution is the basis for the formation in the aggregate form of a model and sys-tem of indices of the inter-level balance, and the latter comprehensively assess the consequences of the control effect on the structured object and the effectiveness of the impact itself. Target setting. Existing evaluation methods do not take into account the factor of movement of object units from one level of the characteristic to another, which is why the structural analysis of the results of the impact is incomplete.Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Inter-level substitution is a new concept. Earlier, the author proposed a model and a system of indices of inter-level balance, constructed only in the values of the number of object units at the level. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The model of inter-level balance and a system of balance indicators, presented in aggregate form. The research objective. Formalization of the concept of “inter-level substitution” as a canonical form of the inter-level balance in the form of paired indicators of aggregated absolute balance of inter-level movement and inter-level turnover ofunits of a structured object. The statement of basic materials. The inter-level substitution of object units leads to level (extra-level) losses or to a level (extra-level) replenishment of the object based on the characteristic measured in these units in the relationship scale at a certain level (outside the level) in the “after” and “before” conditions of external impact. The overall result of the latter can be analytically represented as a generalized balance ratio. In the aggregate form, it is determined through the elemen-tary components of the balance, which are the number of displacements and the level values of the characteristic. Conclusions. The mathematical form of the inter-level substitution is the key in the formation of the inter-level balance model and the system of balance indicators of movement.

scholarly journals RISKS MANAGEMENT IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Vitalii Valeriiovych Lavruk ◽  
Svitlana Ivanivna Plotnytska ◽  
Hanna Volodymyrivna Zaporozhets
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Operation Period ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
The Impact

Urgency of the research. SMEs has a significant role in the economic development of most countries of the world and have become engine of economic growth. In Ukraine SMEs account for more than 99% of the total number of enterprises in Ukraine but its share in GDP of the national economy is only 15%. Therefore, the SMEs growth is one of the most challenging problem for Ukraine. Target setting. It is estimated that only half of SMEs are well doing after the first two years’ operation period. The main cause is high risks in the small business sector. So the improvement of SMEs risk management system is one of the most challenging issue for Ukraine. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. SMEs development has been investigated broadly. The impact of risk on SMEs is tried to evaluate by Hudáková, M., Buganová, K., Dvorský, J., Shuying, Z., Mei, Z. and others. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Issues of the SMEs risks management in the context of globali-zation in emerging economies continues to be actively explored. However, despite the rigorous contribution to this area the problem is not resolved completely. The research objective. This research paper aims to discuss the problems of risk management for SMEs. The statement of basic materials. We identified the crucial risks for SMEs, namely financial risks. In our investigation we based on a dataset obtained via questionnaire surveys in Kharkiv region of Ukraine. The theoretical basis for the application of methods and tools for managing financial risks are substantiated on the law of downward impact. A new approach to SMEs financial risks managing are developed. Conclusions. As a result of the research a new approach to SMEs financial risks managing has been developed that should be taken into account in order to adjust the SMEs development strategy taking into account the level of financial risk and improve the SMEs performance indicators.

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