Effect of Rainfall Kinetic Energy on Crust Formation and Interrill Erosion of an Ultisol in Subtropical China

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. vzj2013.01.0010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Zhou ◽  
Xinhua Peng ◽  
Frédéric Darboux
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Crust Formation ◽  
Interrill Erosion

scholarly journals Assessment of crusting effects on interrill erosion by laser scanning

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8487
Author(s):  
Yaxian Hu ◽  
Wolfgang Fister ◽  
Yao He ◽  
Nikolaus J. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Crust Formation ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Interrill Erosion

Background Crust formation affects soil erosion by raindrop impacted flow through changing particle size and cohesion between particles on the soil surface, as well as surface microtopography. Therefore, changes in soil microtopography can, in theory, be employed as a proxy to reflect the complex and dynamic interactions between crust formation and erosion caused by raindrop-impacted flow. However, it is unclear whether minor variations of soil microtopography can actually be detected with tools mapping the crust surface, often leaving the interpretation of interrill runoff and erosion dynamics qualitative or even speculative. Methods In this study, we used a laser scanner to measure the changes of the microtopography of two soils placed under simulated rainfall in experimental flumes and crusting at different rates. The two soils were of the same texture, but under different land management, and thus organic matter content and aggregate stability. To limit the amount of scanning and data analysis in this exploratory study, two transects and four subplots on each experimental flume were scanned with a laser in one-millimeter interval before and after rainfall simulations. Results While both soils experienced a flattening, they displayed different temporal patterns of crust development and associated erosional responses. The laser scanning data also allowed to distinguish the different rates of developments of surface features for replicates with extreme erosional responses. The use of the laser data improved the understanding of crusting effects on soil erosional responses, illustrating that even limited laser scanning provides essential information for quantitatively exploring interrill erosion processes.

Interrill erosion from disturbed and undisturbed samples in relation to topsoil aggregate stability in red soils from subtropical China

CATENA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hua Shi ◽  
Feng-Ling Yan ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Zhao-Xia Li ◽  
Chong-Fa Cai
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Red Soils ◽  
Undisturbed Samples ◽  
Interrill Erosion

Dependence of the joint configuration on the dynamic immobility fulcrum

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
A. D. Kozlov ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Convex Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Concave Surface ◽  
Joint Configuration ◽  
Articular Surfaces

Although joints with synovial cavities and articular surfaces are very variable, they all have one common peculiarity. In most cases, one of the articular surfaces is concave, whereas the other one is convex. During the formation of a joint, the epiphysis, which has less kinetic energy during the movements in the joint, forms a convex surface, whereas large kinetic energy forms the epiphysis with a concave surface. Basing on this concept, the analysis of the structure of the joints, allows to determine forces involved into their formation, and to identify the general patterns of the formation of the skeleton.

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