Labile Organic Matter-Chemical Compositions, Function, and Significance in Soil and the Environment

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Labile Organic Matter

scholarly journals Lipid biomarkers in Holocene and glacial sediments from ancient Lake Ohrid (Macedonia, Albania)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 3473-3489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Holtvoeth ◽  
H. Vogel ◽  
B. Wagner ◽  
G. A. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lipid Biomarkers ◽  
Lake Ohrid ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
Lipid Biomarker ◽  
First Results ◽  
Near Shore

Abstract. Organic matter preserved in Lake Ohrid sediments originates from aquatic and terrestrial sources. Its variable composition reflects climate-controlled changes in the lake basin's hydrology and related organic matter export, i.e. changes in primary productivity, terrestrial plant matter input and soil erosion. Here, we present first results from lipid biomarker investigations of Lake Ohrid sediments from two near-shore settings: site Lz1120 near the southern shore, with low-lying lands nearby and probably influenced by river discharge, and site Co1202 which is close to the steep eastern slopes. Variable proportions of terrestrial n-alkanoic acids and n-alkanols as well as compositional changes of ω-hydroxy acids document differences in soil organic matter supply between the sites and during different climate stages (glacial, Holocene, 8.2 ka cooling event). Changes in the vegetation cover are suggested by changes in the dominant chain length of terrestrial n-alkanols. Effective microbial degradation of labile organic matter and in situ contribution of organic matter derived from the microbes themselves are both evident in the sediments. We found evidence for anoxic conditions within the photic zone by detecting epicholestanol and tetrahymanol from sulphur-oxidising phototrophic bacteria and bacterivorous ciliates and for the influence of a settled human community from the occurrence of coprostanol, a biomarker for human and animal faeces (pigs, sheep, goats), in an early Holocene sample. This study illustrates the potential of lipid biomarkers for future environmental reconstructions using one of Europe's oldest continental climate archives, Lake Ohrid.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal variability of sedimentary organic matter supply and recycling processes in coral reefs of Tayrona National Natural Park, Colombian Caribbean

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2977-2990 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bayraktarov ◽  
C. Wild
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Sedimentary Organic Matter ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
River Mouths

Abstract. Sediments are fundamental for the function of oligotrophic coral reef ecosystems because they are major places for organic matter recycling. The Tayrona National Natural Park (TNNP, Colombian Caribbean) is located between the population center Santa Marta (>455 000 inhabitants) in the southwest and several river mouths in the east. Here, coral reef sediments experience pronounced changes in environmental conditions due to seasonal coastal upwelling, but knowledge of relevant spatiotemporal effects on organic matter supply to the sediments and recycling processes is not available. Therefore, sediment traps were deployed monthly over 14 months complemented by assessment of sedimentary properties (e.g., porosity, grain size, content of particulate organic matter and pigments) and sedimentary O2 demand (SOD) at water-current-exposed and sheltered sites along distance gradients (12–20 km) to Santa Marta and the eastern river mouths (17–27 km). Findings revealed that seasonal upwelling delivered strong (75–79% of annual supply) pulses of labile organic matter mainly composed of fresh phytoplankton detritus (C : N ratio 6–8) to the seafloor. Sedimentary chlorophyll a contents and SOD increased significantly with decreasing distance to the eastern rivers, but only during upwelling. This suggests sedimentary organic matter supply controlled by nutrient-enriched upwelling waters and riverine runoff rather than by the countercurrent-located city of Santa Marta. Organic matter pulses led to significantly higher SOD (more than 30%) at the water-current-sheltered sites as compared to the exposed sites, ensuing a rapid recycling of the supplied labile organic matter in the permeable silicate reef sands.

scholarly journals Changes of risky element concentrations under organic and mineral fertilization  

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hlisnikovský ◽  
G. Mühlbachová ◽  
E. Kunzová ◽  
M. Hejcman ◽  
M. Pechová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Fresh Organic Matter ◽  
The Impact

The 28-day incubation experiment was carried out to evaluate the impact of the application of digestate (Dig); digestate with straw (DigSt); pig slurry (Slu) and mineral fertilizer (NPK) on Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn availability, on K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon content and on the soil pH value in long-term contaminated soil. At days three and seven of the experiment, the 0.01 mol/L CaCl<sub>2</sub>-extractable fractions of Cd, Zn and Mn significantly decreased under organic treatments (Dig, DigSt and Slu) with the most pronounced effect under Dig treatment. The NPK treatment caused the increase of risky element concentrations since day 21 of incubation which was accompanied with pH decrease. The contents of 0.5 mol/L K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon were the highest at day 3 and 7 of incubation in organic treatments. The significant correlations between 0.5 mol/L K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon and CaCl<sub>2</sub>-extractable metal concentrations showed a close relationship between fresh organic matter added in organic fertilizers and risky element availability, suggesting that newly added labile organic matter can form temporary ligands with risky elements and release them later following its decomposition.  

Variations in Sediment Accumulation Rates and the Flux of Labile Organic Matter in Eastern Lake Superior Basins

1989 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Val Klump ◽  
Robert Paddock ◽  
Charles C. Remsen ◽  
Sharon Fitzgerald ◽  
Martin Boraas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Labile Organic Matter

scholarly journals Source apportionment of fine organic aerosols in Beijing

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 8573-8585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Wang ◽  
M. Shao ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
Y. Wei ◽  
M. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Coal Burning ◽  
Alkanoic Acids

Abstract. Fine particles (PM2.5, i.e., particles with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm) were collected from the air in August 2005, August–September 2006, and January–February 2007, in Beijing, China. The chemical compositions of particulate organic matter in the ambient samples were quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The dominant compounds identified in summertime were n-alkanoic acids, followed by dicarboxylic acids and sugars, while sugars became the most abundant species in winter, followed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, n-alkanes, and n-alkanoic acids. The contributions of seven emission sources (i.e., gasoline/diesel vehicles, coal burning, wood/straw burning, cooking, and vegetative detritus) to particulate organic matter in PM2.5 were estimated using a chemical mass balance receptor model. The model results present the seasonal trends of source contributions to organic aerosols. Biomass burning (straw and wood) had the highest contribution in winter, followed by coal burning, vehicle exhaust, and cooking. The contribution of cooking was the highest in summer, followed by vehicle exhaust and biomass burning, while coal smoke showed only a minor contribution to ambient organic carbon.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the surface chemistry of linden pyrochar after removal of labile organic matter

2018 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 012124
Author(s):  
A A Valeeva ◽  
E V Smirnova ◽  
K G Giniyatullin ◽  
V V Vorobev ◽  
L R Biktasheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Labile Organic Matter

Nitrogen addition affects chemical compositions of plant tissues, litter and soil organic matter

Ecology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 1796-1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Nana Wu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Jianfei Sun ◽  
Bo Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Chemical Compositions

The evaluation of artificially dried grass as a source of energy for sheep:III. The prediction of nutritive value from chemical and biological measurements

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Armstrong ◽  
K. L. Blaxter ◽  
R. Waite
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chemical Compositions

1. The metabolizable energies and net energies for fattening and for maintenance of the organic matter of sixteen dried grasses have been related to their apparent digestibilities and to their chemical compositions.

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