Role of Soil Science in the International Council of Scientific Unions: Soil Chemistry

2015 ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
Winfried E. H. Blum ◽  
P.M. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
International Council

RAIN Project: Results after 8 Years of Experimentally Reduced Acid Deposition to a Whole Catchment

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Wright ◽  
Erik Lotse ◽  
Arne Semb
Keyword(s):  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Nitrogen Saturation ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Exclusion Experiment ◽  
Surface Water Chemistry ◽  
Southern Norway

At Risdalsheia (southern Norway), an ongoing catchment-scale acid-exclusion experiment has been conducted since 1984 as part of the RAIN project (Reversing Acidification In Norway). Acid precipitation is collected on a 1200-m2 transparent roof, treated by ion exchange, sea salts readded, and reapplied as clean rain beneath the roof Up to 1990 annual surveys of soil chemistry have revealed no significant trends. The chemical composition of runoff has changed: sulfate decreased from about 111 μeq/L in 1984 to 38 μeq/L in 1992 and nitrate from about 33 to 5 μeq/L. Base cations decreased and alkalinity increased over the 8-yr period from −88 to −29 μeq/L to compensate for this change in strong acid anions. Much of the alkalinity change is due to the increased role of organic anions. The results fit an empirical nomograph relating alkalinity, base cations, and strong acid anions and a new empirical nomograph relating alkalinity, H+, and total organic carbon. The acid-exclusion experiment provides the first catchment-scale evidence for the reversibility of nitrogen saturation; RAIN results corroborate field observations of changes in surface water chemistry in response to reduced acid deposition as well as process-oriented, conceptual acidification models.

The role of soil science in agricultural development in East Africa

Geoderma ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.N. Muchena ◽  
R.M. Kiome
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Soil Science

scholarly journals Life in Science and the Science of Life by Aleksandr Shmuk

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
П.Н. Харченко
Keyword(s):  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Union Institute ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Рецензируется книга доктора биологических наук, академика РАН А.Х. Шеуджена и доктора исторических наук А.Н. Еремеевой, посвященная жизни и творчеству известного советского агрохимика и биохимика, академика ВАСХНИЛ Александра Александровича Шмука (1886–1945). Анализ отечественной и зарубежной литературы, научных и общественно-политических периодических изданий первой половины ХХ века, материалов девяти центральных и региональных архивов позволил авторам произвести реконструкцию биографии ученого, рассмотреть ее в контексте политических и экономических трансформаций в обществе. The reviewed book by A.N. Eremeeva, Dr. Sci. (History), and by A.Kh. Sheudzhen, Dr. Sci. (Biology), academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, is devoted to the life and scientific work of Aleksandr Shmuk (1886–1945), the famous Soviet agrochemist and biochemist, full member of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V. I. Lenin. The analysis of Russian and foreign literature, scientific and sociopolitical periodicals of the first half of the twentieth century, documents from nine central and regional archives allowed the authors to reconstruct the biography of the scientist and consider it in the context of sociopolitical and economic transformations. The authors describe in detail Shmuk’s way to science in the New Alexandria and Moscow Agricultural Institutes, and note the role of his teachers in choosing a scientific specialization. Special attention is paid to the period in Krasnodar, where Shmuk realized himself as an internationally renowned scientist and an organizer of science (he headed the All-Union Institute of Tobacco) and education (as the founder and head of the Department of Agrochemistry of the Kuban Institute of Agriculture). The authors describe in detail Shmuk’s works on the chemical composition of tobacco, soil chemistry, and methods of agrochemical research. They note that the methods of obtaining nicotine, citric and malic acids from raw materials, which were developed by Schmuk and provided import substitution, were strategically important for the Soviet state in the pre-war period and especially during the years of the Great Patriotic War.

scholarly journals The role of V.V. Dokuchaev in establishing soil ecology as a science of the biosphere class

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Dergacheva
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Soil Ecology ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Outstanding Scientist

The article examines the role of the outstanding scientist Vasily Vasilyevich Dokuchaev, whose 175th anniversary was March 1, 2021, in the development of soil ecology as a science of the biosphere class. The natural history methodology, which he introduced into scientific use, is discussed; the methodology was a milestone in the development of not only genetic soil science, but also all natural sciences.

scholarly journals The role of soil chemistry and soil physics in protecting soil quality: variability of sorption and transport of cadmium as an example.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A.M. de Haan ◽  
S.E.A.T.M. van der Zee ◽  
W.H. van Riemsdijk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Soil Functioning ◽  
Adsorptive Equilibrium

Soil has many functions in sustaining life. The prerequisite conditions for proper soil functioning may be expessed in terms of quality. Chemical quality of soil is predominantly determined by behaviour of compounds in soil. Compound behaviour is the result of the interactions of properties of the compounds and of the soil system under consideration. These can satisfactorily be described by applying methodical rules as derived in soil chemistry and soil physics. This is elaborated with examples referring to the static situation prevailing at adsorptive equilibrium, and to the dynamic situation of compound displacement in soil. The variability of soil properties appears to be of major concern. In these examples, attention is limited to the behaviour of cadmium in soil. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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