Advantages and Disadvantages of Nitrogen-15 Isotope Dilution to Quantify Dinitrogen Fixation in Field-Grown Legumes-A Critique

2015 ◽  
pp. 43-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Rennie
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Dinitrogen Fixation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The use of the 15N isotope dilution technique to estimate the contribution of associated biological nitrogen fixation to the nitrogen nutrition of Paspalum notatum cv. batatais

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Boddey ◽  
Phillip M. Chalk ◽  
Reynaldo L. Victoria ◽  
Eiichi Matsui ◽  
Johanna Döbereiner
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Dilution Experiments ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

This paper reports the results of a field experiment to investigate the use of the 15N-dilution technique to measure the contribution of biological N2 fixation to the N nutrition of the batatais cultivar of Paspalum notatum. The pensacola cultivar of this grass supports little associated N2 fixation as evidenced by the low associated C2H2 reduction activity and was thus used as a nonfixing control plant. The grasses were grown in 60-cm diameter concrete cylinders sunk into the soil, and the effects of four different addition rates of labelled nitrogen (NH4)2SO4, were investigated. The data from seven harvests clearly demonstrated that there was a significant input of plant associated N2 fixation to the nutrition of the batatais cultivar amounting to approximately 20 kg N∙ha−1∙year−1. Problems associated with the conduct of such isotope dilution experiments are discussed including the importance of using nonfixing control plants of similar growth habit, the advantages and disadvantages of growing the plants in cylinders as opposed to field plots, and the various methods of application of labelled N fertilizer.

DINITROGEN FIXATION OF LENTIL, FIELD PEA AND FABABEAN UNDER DRYLAND CONDITIONS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. BREMER ◽  
D. A. RENNIE ◽  
R. J. RENNIE
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Dinitrogen Fixation ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Total N ◽  
Legume Production

Annual grain legume production has increased substantially in Western Canada over the past 15 yr but more information on the N2-fixing potential of these crops is needed. 15N isotope dilution was used to determine N2 fixation of several grain legumes under dryland field conditions in Saskatchewan. Two cultivars of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), pea (Pisum sativum L.), and fababean (Vicia faba L.) were grown at five locations in both 1984 and 1985, with all major soil zones represented by at least one location in each year. Drought stress was moderate to severe at all sites in 1984 and at sites in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones in 1985. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were nearly identical as non-N2-fixing reference crops, but their validity as reference crops for the grain legumes included in this study was not tested. Indigenous rhizobia were incapable of supporting adequate levels of N2 fixation at most sites in this study. Inoculation increased total dry matter, total N and N2 fixation of all grain legume cultivars tested. Proportion of N assimilated from the atmosphere declined with increasing soil nitrate levels and increasing drought stress. Annual rates of N2 fixation were as high as 75, 105 and 160 kg N ha−1 for lentil, pea and fababean, respectively, at sites in the Gray and Gray-Black soil zones in 1985, but declined by an average of 5.3, 7.6 and 10.5 kg N ha−1, respectively, for every cm reduction in moisture use. Maximum rates of N2 fixation in 1984 were about 80 kg ha−1. Fababean fixed the most N2 under wetter conditions, while pea and lentil fixed the most under drought stressed conditions. Key words: 15N isotope dilution, dinitrogen fixation, lentil, pea, fababean, drought stress

Time-course of dinitrogen fixation of promiscuous soybean cultivars measured by the isotope dilution method

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Abaidoo ◽  
K. E. Dashiell ◽  
N. Sanginga ◽  
H. H. Keyser ◽  
P. W. Singleton
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Dinitrogen Fixation ◽  
Isotope Dilution Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Promiscuous Soybean

Synthetic routes to isotopologues of acetylated derivatives of deoxynivalenol to be used in stable isotope dilution assays

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Asam ◽  
M. Rychlik
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Stable Isotope Dilution ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Acetyl Group ◽  
Stable Isotope Dilution Assays ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
Derivatives Of

The isomers 3-O-acetyl- and 15-O-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON and 15-ADON) are intermediates of deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis. Both compounds are present along with DON in contaminated food and feed, but they are not analysed routinely. This review describes synthetic routes to stable isotope labelled 3-ADON and 15-ADON that can be used as internal standards in stable isotope dilution assays. The label was introduced either as [2H3]-acetyl or [13C2]-acetyl group in all protocols. Regioselective acetylation can be obtained by the use of protection groups or stepwise acetylation and hydrolysis. Advantages and disadvantages of both strategies are discussed.

Dinitrogen Fixation Measured by 15 N Isotope Dilution in Two Canadian Soybean Cultivars 1

1982 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Rennie ◽  
S. Dubetz ◽  
J. B. Bole ◽  
H.-H. Muendel
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Dinitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soybean Cultivars
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