Soil Tests as Risk Indicators for Leaching of Dissolved Phosphorus from Agricultural Soils in Ontario

2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. T. Wang ◽  
T. Q. Zhang ◽  
I. P. O'Halloran ◽  
C. S. Tan ◽  
Q. C. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus

Development of a method for estimating the likelihood of crack flow in Canadian agricultural soils at the landscape scale

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dadfar ◽  
S E Allaire ◽  
R. De Jong ◽  
E. van Bochove ◽  
J -T Denault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminant Transport ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Subsurface Water

Indicators of risk of water contamination by agricultural pollutants are developed in Canada to assess sustainability of agriculture. Crack flow (CF), a key pathway for sub-surface contaminant transport, is part of the transport-hydrology algorithm used in two of these risk indicators. The objective was to develop a methodology for predicting the likelihood of CF in Canadian agricultural soils at the landscape scale. The algorithm considers soil clay content, crack development followed by a runoff event based on water budget, tile drainage, and crops. More than 40% of Canadian farmlands had moderate to very high likelihood of CF, mainly in Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec, due to frequent runoffs on cracked clay soils potentially contributing to groundwater contamination. In Ontario and Quebec, farmlands with high CF likelihood correspond to regions under intensive tile drainage, which increases the risk of lateral translocation of contaminants to surface water bodies. Besides being a component of risk indicators of water contamination by phosphorus and coliforms, the CF algorithm and maps can be used to identify areas at risk of subsurface water contamination. Best management practices, adapted to reduce CF can then be targeted to these areas.Key words: Agrichemicals, contaminant transport, macropore flow, preferential flow, risk assessment, risk indicators

scholarly journals Determination of dissolved reactive and dissolved total phosphorus in water extract of soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Matula
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Molybdenum Blue ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Water Extract ◽  
Simplified Procedure

The simplified acid peroxydisulphate digestion of soil water extract was evaluated for determination of total dissolved phosphorus by molybdenum-blue colorimetry in comparison with direct P-detection in water extract by the ICP-AES technique. The research was conducted on 79 agricultural soils with different agrochemical characteristics. The results of the colorimetric P detection in water extract without digestion and ICP phosphorus detection were different. The median of values determined by ICP-AES was 1.7 times higher than that of colorimetry, but the correlations between the two measurements were quite close (r = 0.993). Differences between the colorimetric phosphorus and ICP-AES phosphorus were irregular, increasing as the phosphorus level in soils decreased. The simplified procedure of acid peroxydisulphate digestion is useful for routine determination of total water-extracted phosphorus in soils when the soil testing laboratory is not equipped with the ICP-AES technique. The two-tailed paired t-test did not prove any difference in the values between the direct ICP-AES P-detection in water extract of soils and colorimetric P-detection in the acid peroxydisulphate digest.  

Soil Tests for Estimating Labile, Soluble, and Algae‐Available Phosphorus in Agricultural Soils

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Wolf ◽  
D. E. Baker ◽  
H. B. Pionke ◽  
H. M. Kunishi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Tests

scholarly journals Assessing the ability of soil tests to estimate labile phosphorus in agricultural soils: Evidence from isotopic exchange

Geoderma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 350-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Braun ◽  
Ruben Warrinnier ◽  
Gunnar Börjesson ◽  
Barbro Ulén ◽  
Erik Smolders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Exchange ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

scholarly journals Micronutrients limiting pasture production in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Brennan ◽  
B. Penrose ◽  
R. W. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Micronutrient Status

Low levels of plant-available micronutrients were an inherent feature of many agricultural soils in Australia, mostly due to the prevalence of highly weathered soil parent materials. The diagnosis and correction of the widespread deficiencies of micronutrients, especially copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn), were prerequisites for the development of productive, legume-based pastures in southern Australia. In subtropical and tropical regions, Mo deficiency commonly limited pasture-legume production. Soil treatments involving micronutrient fertiliser incorporated in soils, or applied as additives to superphosphate, were generally effective in alleviating micronutrient deficiencies. In the low-output dryland pasture systems, the annual removal of micronutrients in wool and meat is small compared with rates added in fertiliser. Hence, in general, the residues of soil-applied micronutrient fertilisers remain effective for many years, for example, up to 30 years for Cu. By contrast, shorter residual values occur for manganese (Mn) fertiliser on highly calcareous soils, and for Zn in high-output pasture systems such as intensive dairy production. In the last two decades since the recommendations for micronutrient management of pastures were developed, there have been many changes to farming systems, with likely implications for micronutrient status in pastures. First, increased cropping intensity and low prices for wool and meat have meant lower nutrient inputs to pastures or to the pasture phase of rotations with crops. However, when pastures have been rotated with crops, ongoing small additions of Cu, Zn and Mo have been common. In cropping phases of farming systems, lime application and no-till may have altered the chemical and positional availability of micronutrients in soils to pastures. However, there has been little study of the impacts of these farming-systems changes on micronutrient status of pastures or profitability of the production system. The intensification of dairy production systems may also have altered the demand for, and removal rates of, micronutrients. Soil tests are not very reliable for Mn or Mo deficiencies, and well-calibrated soil tests for boron, Cu and Zn have been developed only for limited areas of pasture production and for a limited range of species. There is limited use of plant tests for nutrient management of pastures. In conclusion, there is limited knowledge of the current micronutrient status of pastures and their effects on animal health. Pasture production would benefit from targeted investigation of micronutrients status of pasture soils, pasture plants and micronutrient-linked animal-health issues.

scholarly journals Nutrient concentrations in runoff from different manure amended fields of the tropics under natural rainfall conditions.

1969 ◽  
Vol 91 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Ortega-Achury ◽  
Gustavo A. Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
David Sotomayor-Ramírez ◽  
Miguel A. Muñoz-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
The Impact

Excessive nutrient losses from agricultural soils represent a major source of surface water contamination. In this study we quantified concentrations of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), dissolved and total phosphorus (DP,TP), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in runoff from two animal farm operations of Puerto Rico. The farms, one dairy and one poultry, represented typical conditions (i.e., topography, ecological zone, management system) of these production systems.Two fields were selected for the runoff studies on each farm, and two runoff collectors were installed in each field. Runoff samples were collected under natural rainfall conditions. The average phosphorus concentration in runoff from the poultry fields (5.87 mg TP/L, 4.82 mg DP/L) was significantly greater than that observed from the dairy fields (2.29 mg TP/L, 1.79 mg DP/L). Dissolved phosphorus concentrations represented more than 90% of the total P concentrations on both farms, a situation that may exacerbate the impact on receiving water bodies. Average DP concentrations exceeded 1 mg/L, a limit proposed for the regulation of runoff P concentrations from agricultural lands, in 70% of the runoff events at the dairy farm, and 100% of the events at the poultry farm. The magnitude of the nutrient concentrations on both farms was significantly affected by the time lapse between the manure applications and the first precipitation event. Nutrient concentrations in runoff samples were also significantly affected by rainfall depth.

Soil Analysis: An Interpretation Manual

1999 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Related Group

Soil Analysis: An Interpretation Manual is a practical guide to soil tests. It considers what soil tests are, when they can be used reliably and consistently, and discusses what limits their application. It is the first nationally accepted publication that is appropriate for Australian soils and conditions. The first three chapters review the general principles and concepts of soil testing, factors affecting soil test interpretation and soil sampling and handling procedures. The next two chapters describe morphological indicators of soil and include colour plates of major Australian agricultural soils. These are followed by a series of chapters which present soil test calibration data for individual elements or a related group of tests such as the range of soil tests used to interpret soil acidity. Each of these chapters also summarises the reactions of the particular element or parameter in the soil and describes the tests commonly used in Australia. The final chapter presents a structured approach to nutrient management and making fertiliser recommendations using soil test data. The manual will be of particular interest to soil and environmental scientists, farm advisers, consultants and primary producers who will find the manual an essential reference to understanding and interpreting soil test data. Many of the soil tests evaluated in the book are used throughout the world. Soil Analysis: An Interpretation Manual was commissioned and developed by the Australian Soil and Plant Analysis Council (ASPAC). It comprises the work of 37 experts, which has been extensively peer reviewed.

scholarly journals Differences in available phosphorus evaluated by soil tests in relation to detection by colorimetric and ICP-AES techniques

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Matula
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
End Point ◽  
Phosphorus Determination

Differences in the evaluation of soil phosphorus status by three soil tests (Mehlich 3, extraction with NH<sub>4</sub>-acetate and water extraction) were tested on 63 agricultural soils with different agrochemical characteristics from the territory of the Czech Republic. Differences between the colorimetric determination of phosphorus and ICP technique were studied. The median of the values of phosphorus supply in soils determined by soil tests was considerably different. Compared to the colorimetric detection of water extraction of soils the median of the NH<sub>4</sub>-acetate test showed 2.2 times higher values and in Mehlich 3 test the values were 34.8 times higher. The largest difference between the end-point analytical techniques of phosphorus determination, colorimetry and ICP-AES, was observed in the soil test of water extraction. The median of the values determined by ICP-AES was higher by 47%. In NH<sub>4</sub>-acetate extraction of soils the median of the measured values of phosphorus was higher by 12% and in Mehlich 3 extraction by 7%. Differences in phosphorus concentrations determined by colorimetry and by ICP-AES increased as the phosphorus supply in soils decreased. When the supply of 'available' phosphorus in soil is given, it is always necessary to specify the used soil test including the end-point analytical technique of phosphorus determination to avoid the misleading interpretation of results. The problem of phosphorus in agriculture and in the environment requires thorough revision and methodical standardization.

Comparing soil test kits with standard lab-based soil tests for agricultural soils

Crops & Soils ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Swati Sharma ◽  
Amitava Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil Tests
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