A CARBON DIOXIDE FLUX GENERATOR FOR TESTING INFRARED GAS ANALYZER-BASED SOIL RESPIRATION SYSTEMS

2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 514-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan G. Martin ◽  
Paul V. Bolstad ◽  
John M. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Flux ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

Infrared Gas Analyzer for Low Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide

1952 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Watkins ◽  
C. L. Gemmill
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

THE EFFECT OF LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE ON THE GROWTH AND RESPIRATION OF BOTRYTIS SQUAMOSA

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Stinson ◽  
R. S. Gage ◽  
E. B. MacNaughton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Botrytis Squamosa ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
Mycelial Mass ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer ◽  
Effect Of Light

The fungus organism Botrytis squamosa Walker when maintained at constant temperature is unaffected by light levels as high as 100 ft-c for periods of several days and by levels of 250 ft-c for periods of a few hours. This is contrary to an earlier report which said that an illuminance of 70 ft-c would prevent growth of the organism. It is suspected that a combination of undetected temperature gradients and the variability of the organism lead to the earlier report of a light inhibition.The organism is temperature sensitive. No growth occurred at, or beyond, 30 °C. Maximum growth occurred at 23 °C, the lowest temperature used in the investigations.While all portions of the mycelial mass evolve some carbon dioxide, the most active evolution is generally around the circumference. Variations in age and circumference accounted for a considerable portion of the variability in the carbon dioxide evolution.Measuring techniques involved the use of thermocouples, a radiation thermopile and photronic cell, and an infrared gas analyzer.

scholarly journals Relationship between Distance Sampling and Carbon Dioxide Emission under Oil Palm Plantation

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Dariah ◽  
Fahmuddin Agus ◽  
Erni Susanti ◽  
. Jubaedah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Flux ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Soil Biol ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Tropical Peatlands

Carbon dioxide emission on peatland under oil palm plantation were highly varied probably due to many factors involved.  The objectives of the research were to evaluate the effect of distance sampling from center of oil palm tree on Carbon dioxide flux, and  to study the factors that cause variability of carbon dioxide flux on peatland under oil palm plantation.  The study was conducted on peatland at Arang-Arang Village, Kumpek Ulu Sub-District, Muaro Jambi District, Jambi Province, on six year old oil palm plantation.  The study was conducted in the form of observational exploratory.  Emission measurements performed on 5 selected oil palm trees at points within 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 cm from the center of trunk.  Carbon dioxide flux was measured using (IRGA), Li-COR 820.  The results showed that there is significant correlation between the distance of sampling from center of oil palm tree and Carbon dioxide flux.  The farther distance from the tree, Carbon dioxide flux more decreased. Before applying fertilizer, variability of soil fertility was not significantly correlated with the flux of Carbon dioxide, so the difference of Carbon dioxide flux based on distance sampling can be caused by root distribution factor.  After fertilizer application, variability of Carbon dioxide flux under the oil palm tree were beside affected by differences in root distribution, was also greatly influenced by fertilization.Keywords: Carbon dioxide flux, distance sampling, oil palm, peat, root-related respiration [How to Cite: Dariah A, F Agus, E Susanti and Jubaedah. 2013.Relationship between Sampling Distance and Carbon Dioxide Emission under Oil Palm Plantation. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 125-130. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.125][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.125] REFERENCESAgus F, E Handayani, van M Noordwijk, K Idris and S Sabiham.  2010 Root respiration interferes with peat CO2 emission measurement. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. 1 - 6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia. Published on DVD.Amador JA and RD Jones.  1993.  Nutrient limitation on microbial respiration in peat soil with diffrent total phosphorus content.  Soil Biol Biochem  25: 793-801.Franklin O, P Hoogberg, A Ekbled and GI Agren.  2003.  Pine forest floor carbon accumulation in response to N and PK addition: Bomb C-14 modeling and respiration studies.  Ecosystem 6: 644-658.  Freeman C, N Ostle and H Kang.  2001.  An Enzymic ‘latch’ on global carbon store-a shortage of oxigen locks up carbon in peatlands by restraining a single enzyme.  Nature 409: 149-149.Hanson PJ, NT Edwards, CT Garten and JA Andrew.  2000.  Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration: A review of methods and observations.  Biogeochemistry 48: 115-146.Henson IE, and SH Chai.  1997.  Analysis of oil palm productivity.  II. Biomass, distribution, productivity and turnover of the root system.  Elaeis 9: 78-92.Hergoualc’h K and LV Verchot. 2011.  Stocks and fluxes of carbon associated with land use change in Southeast Asian tropical peatlands: A review. Glob Biogeochem Cycl 25. doi:10.1029/2009GB003718.Howarth RW and SG Fisher.  1976.  Carbon, nitrogen, phosporus dynamic during leaf decay in nutrient-enriched stream microecosystems.  Freshwater Biol 6: 221-228.Husen E and F Agus.  2011.  Microbial activities as affected by peat dryness ans ameliorant.  Am J Environ Sci 7: 348-353.Jauhiainen J, A Hooijer and SE Page.  2012.  Carbon dioxide emissions from an Acacia plantation on peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biogeosciences 9: 617–630. DOI:10.5194/bg-9-617-2012.Khalid H, ZZ Zin and JM Anderson.  1999.  Quantification of oil palm biomass and nutrient value in mature planttation.  II Below-ground biomass.  J Oil Palm Res 11: 63-71.Knorr KH, MR Oosterwoud and C Blodau. 2008. Experimental drought alters rates of soil respiration and methanogenesis but not carbon exchange in soil of a temperate fen. Soil Biol Biochem 40: 1781-1791.Law BE, FM Kelliher, DD Baldocchi, PM Anthoni, J. Irvine, D. Moore and SV Tuyl.  2001.  Spatial and temporal variation in respiration in  a young ponderosa pine forest during a summer drought.  Agric Forest Meteorol 110: 27-43.Laiho R, J Laine, CC Trettin and L Finner.  2004.  Scot pine litter decomposition along drainage succession and soil nutrient gradient in peat land forest, and the effect of inter-annual weather variation.  Soil Biol Biochem 36: 1095-1109.Madsen R, L Xu, B Claassen and D McDermit.  2009.  Surface monitoring method for carbon capture and storage projects. Energy Procedia 1: 2161-2168Martoyo K.  1992.  Kajian Sifat Fisik Tanah Podsolik untuk Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis gueneensis Jacq) di Sumatera Utara.  Tesis Program Pasca Sarjana,  Universitas Gajah Mada.  Yogyakarta (in Indonesian).Melling L, R Hatano and KJ Goh. 2007. Nitrous oxide emissions from three ecosystem in tropical peatlands of Sarawak, Malaysia. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 53: 792-805.Minkkinen K, J Laine, NJ Shurpali, P Makiranta, J Alm and T Pentilla.  2007.  Heterotropic soil respiration in forestry-drained peatland.  Boreal Environ Res  12: 115-126. Murdiyarso D, K Hergoualc’h K and LV Verchot. 2010 Opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in tropical peatlands. PNAS 107:  19655-19660.Olsen R, S Linden, R Giesler, and P Hogberg.  2005.  Fertilization of boreal forest reduce of both autrotrophic dan heterotrophic soil respiration .  Glob  Change  Biol  11: 1745-1753.Silvola J, J Valijoki and H Aaltonen.  1985.  Effect of draining and fertilization on soil respiration at three ameliorated peatland site.  Acta For Fem 191: 1-32.Silvola J, J Alm, U Aklholm, H Nykanen and PJ Martikainen.  1996a. Carbon dioxide fluxes from peat in boreal mires under varying temperature and moisture condition.  J Ecol 84: 219-228.Silvola J, J Alm, U. Ahlholm, H Nykanen, and PJ Martikainen.  1996b.  The contribution of plant roots to carbon dioxide fluxes from organic soils.  Biol  Fertil Soils 23: 126-131.Wang W, K Ohseb and J Liuc. 2005.  Contribution of root respiration to soil respiration in a C3/C4 mixed grassland. J Bioscience 30: 507-514. 

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS IN ONTARIO WOODLANDS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Sparling ◽  
M. Alt
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

Carbon dioxide concentrations were measured in a number of Ontario woodlands with an infrared gas analyzer. Little evidence of season variation in the concentration of carbon dioxide was obtained. Measurements over 24-hour periods revealed the existence of high concentrations, frequently exceeding 500 p.p.m. at night during midsummer. The high concentrations dropped rapidly at sunrise.The existence of extreme stratification of carbon dioxide which had been reported by earlier workers was not confirmed.

EFFECTS OF SOYBEAN LEAFLET TYPE ON NET CARBON DIOXIDE EXCHANGE, WATER USE, AND WATER-USE EFFICIENCY

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. HIEBSCH ◽  
E. T. KANEMASU ◽  
C. D. NICKELL
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Neutron Attenuation ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

Two near-isogenic soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) lines with normal and narrow leaflets were compared in the field for differences in net carbon dioxide exchange rates, water use, and water-use efficiency with various combinations of population and row spacing. Net carbon dioxide exchange was determined with an open field chamber system and infrared gas analyzer. Water use was estimated from neutron attenuation readings and precipitation. Leaflet type did not significantly affect net carbon dioxide exchange, water use, or yield. Water-use efficiency was only affected at 53 plants/m2 in 38-cm rows, with greater efficiency for the narrow-leaflet cultivar.

Net carbon dioxide exchange of wheat, sorghum, and soybean

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Kanemasu ◽  
C. K. Hiebsch
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Light Saturation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer ◽  
Effect Of Light

Canopy net carbon dioxide exchange (NCE) rates are needed to understand the effect of light on crop growth and development. NCE rates of sorghum, soybean, and wheat canopies were determined using field chambers and an infrared gas analyzer throughout a growing season. Whereas sorghum attained peak NCE rates early in season, soybean and wheat did not reach maximum rates until the late reproductive growth stage. Frequently during the season, NCE rates of sorghum were nearly four times those of soybeans and wheat. Solar radiation had a much greater affect on the NCE of sorghum than on that of soybeans. Apparent light saturation was observed in both soybeans and wheat. An expression for dry matter production of sorghum was derived using chamber data. The expression simulated the total dry matter production for sorghum in 1973, 1972, and 1970 within 20%.

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