Temperature dependence of infiltration rate during large scale water recharge into soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunye Lin ◽  
Dan Greenwald ◽  
Amos Banin
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Recharge

Superlubricity Relevant in Hard Disk Drive Applications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou-Mo Zhang ◽  
Cuong-C. Vu ◽  
Qun-Yang Li ◽  
Norio Tagawa ◽  
Quan-Shui Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Hard Disk Drive ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hard Disk Drives ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Disk Drive ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Lubricant Layer ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
Crystalline Graphite

Reduction of head-media spacing (HMS) keeps crucial during the increase of areal density of hard disk drives (HDD). The design of hard disk drive with a superlubric interface is reported with two schemes for HDI design to realize superlubricity. For the first scheme, the DLC layer is kept on the disk while removing the lubricant layer. The DLC layer on the transducer is replaced by graphene-like layer. The direct contact between head and disk could reduce the HMS to about 2.3 nm. For the second scheme, the DLC layer on disk is further replaced by graphene and the HMS could be reduced to below 1 nm. For the first scheme, the basic proof of concept experiments are conducted using micro-scale graphite island samples. Ultralow COF, with the average of 0.0344 on the interface of single crystalline graphite surface and DLC substrate is demonstrated by AFM. What’s more, the temperature dependence of friction between single crystalline graphite and DLC is measured by micro-force sensor mounted on micro-manipulator. The results show that heating helps to significantly decrease the friction. Desorption of contaminants along the interface is speculated to be the key mechanism for temperature dependence of friction. This work provides the concept of large-scale superlubricity relevant in HDD applications, which could be a promising technology to ultimately reduce HMS for future HDI development.

scholarly journals Relationship between Landform Development and Lake Water Recharge in the Badain Jaran Desert, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1999
Author(s):  
Da-Peng Yue ◽  
Jing-Bo Zhao ◽  
Yan-Dong Ma ◽  
Xiao-Gang Huang ◽  
Tian-Jie Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Film ◽  
Adsorbed Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
High Water ◽  
Badain Jaran Desert ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Landform Development ◽  
Precipitation Events

Four distinctive but poorly documented landforms in the Badain Jaran megadunes were studied: arcuate steps, multi-stage fans, depressions formed by runoff erosion, and groundwater overflow zones around lakes. The development of these four landform types indicates the following: (1) The hydrological balance in the sand layers of the megadune areas is positive; (2) After evaporation and transpiration, precipitation is able to infiltrate the deep sand layers; (3) Precipitation is a source for the groundwater and for many of the lakes of the area. The groundwater recharge mechanism is characterized by intense precipitation events that provide a water source, high infiltration rate, shallow evaporation depth, and low water retention. These factors together enable the precipitation to be transformed into groundwater. The energy of gravity water and the high water film pressure of adsorbed water together provide the forces necessary for effective water recharge.

Temperature dependence of large-scale water-retention curves: a case study

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1403-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Hai Liu ◽  
G. S. Bodvarsson ◽  
J. H. Dane
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Retention

scholarly journals Simulation of trace gas redistribution by convective clouds - Liquid phase processes

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yin ◽  
D. J. Parker ◽  
K. S. Carslaw
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Henry's Law ◽  
Gas Uptake ◽  
Convective Clouds ◽  
Henry’S Law ◽  
Scale Models

Abstract. A two-dimensional dynamic cloud model with detailed microphysics and a spectral treatment of gas scavenging was used to simulate trace gas vertical redistribution in precipitating continental and maritime clouds. A general picture of gas transport in such clouds has been developed by examining the sensitivity to a range of parameters, including cloud dynamic and microphysical structure, gas solubility, and the method of calculating gas uptake by droplets. Gases with effective Henry's law constants (H*) ranging from zero to greater than 109 mol dm-3 atm-1 were simulated. The abundance of highly soluble gases in the uppermost parts (top 1 km or so) of continental precipitating clouds was found to be as much as 20-50% of that of the insoluble tracer under conditions where the mixing ratio of the tracer was approximately 5% of its boundary layer value. The abundance of highly soluble gases was approximately 6 times higher in the uppermost parts of the continental cloud than in the maritime cloud, due to differences in wet removal efficiency in the two cloud types. A fully kinetic calculation of gas uptake, as opposed to assuming Henry's law equilibrium, was found to have a significant effect on gas transport, with the abundance of highly soluble gases in the uppermost parts of the cloud being a factor of 5 lower in the equilibrium simulations. The temperature dependence of the Henry's law constant was also found to be an important parameter in determining the abundance of soluble gases at cloud top, with the abundance of moderately soluble gases being as much as 70% lower when the temperature dependence of H* was included. This reduction in abundance was found to be equivalent to increasing the temperature-independent solubility by a factor of 7. The vertical transport of soluble gases could be parameterized in large-scale models by normalizing against the transport of tracers. However, our results suggest that there is no straightforward scaling factor, particularly if small concentrations of highly soluble gases in the upper troposphere need to be defined.

scholarly journals A NOVEL METHODOLOGY FOR INFILTRATION MODEL STUDIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-199
Author(s):  
Sunith David ◽  
Akash Shaji ◽  
Ashmy M S ◽  
Neenu Raju ◽  
Nimisha Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Infiltration Model ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Ground Water Recharge ◽  
Infiltration Models ◽  
Water Recharge

Infiltration is treated as one of the important parameter of the hydrological cycle as far as ground water recharge is concerned. It depends on soil characteristics such as soil texture, hydraulic conductivity, soil structure, vegetation cover, porosity, permeability, degree of saturation etc. Determination of infiltration rates is useful for mitigation of hydrological riskand reflects the future of ground water resources in the study area. Infiltration of water into the soil is determined by a simple instrument called Double ring infiltrometer. Infiltration models are the empirical formulae developed using infiltration concepts which is used to determine the infiltration rate of soil. One way ANOVA test was performed to find the significance of the infiltration models. In the present study an attempt is made to validate the Horton’s model, Green ampt model and Kostiakov’s infiltration model with observed field data for a residential area, Ernakulam. From the present study significant model for the particular site is determined by using decision factor analysis.

scholarly journals A Research on Groundwater Fluctuation due to Rainfall in Chidambaram Taluk of Cuddalore District, Tamilnadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 1193-1196
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Water Level Variation ◽  
Groundwater Fluctuation ◽  
Ground Water Recharge ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Aquifer Characteristics

Water plays an important role in development of economy of a country and agricultural activities in all parts of the world. Ground water depends upon hydrology, land use, soil, geology, geomorphology and aquifer characteristics of the study area. An important component of water balance equation is ground water recharge. This study focuses mainly on the causes of groundwater fluctuation and its trend as well as to determine the amount of recharge in the study area by rainfall infiltration. The fluctuations of ground water level, variation of monthly rainfall, were analyzed in the study area. The vertical change in storage is not same throughout the year due to variation in rainfall and infiltration rate of soil. The maximum and minimum depths of water table were found respectively. Monthly variation of rainfall follows the usual pattern of monsoon with heavy rain from November to December. The maximum infiltration as well as runoff also occurred from November and December due to maximum rainfall and the infiltration, runoff is negligible during the rest of the year due to very meager rainfall.

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