Use of Automated Combustion Techniques for Total Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and Total Sulfur Analysis of Soils

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
J. M. Bremner ◽  
M. A. Tabatabai
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Sulfur

scholarly journals Determination of Biological Nitrogen Fixation Induced N2O Emission from Arable Soil by Using a Closed Chamber Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambreen Shah
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Chamber Technique

Intensive use of mineral N fertilizers and organic amendments has resulted in higher N2O emissions. A growing worldwide concern for these problems has motivated researchers, environmentalists, and policy makers to find alternatives to overcome such losses. Biological nitrogen fixation is one of many natural biological approaches to minimize the use of fertilizers and to possibly reduce N2O emissions. A greenhouse study was performed by growing inoculated and noninoculated soybean seeds (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in PVC columns. The objective was to measure the contribution ofBradyrhizobium Japonicumand mineral-N fertilizer to promoting N2O emission. A closed chamber technique was used for gas sampling. N2O measurements were carried out shortly after nodulation.Bradyrhizobium Jopanicuminduced N2O cumulative (121.8 μg kg−1) fluxes of inoculated seeds was significantly (α= 0.05) higher than those of mineral N fertilized treatment (NIS) and the control (bare soil). Total nitrogen content of the roots and seeds was not affected by inoculation. Total carbon ( 42.1  ±  0.1%), total nitrogen (3.1  ±  0.1%), and crude protein (19.9  ±   0.7%) contents of leaves of the inoculated seeds were significantly higher than those of noninoculated seed treatments. N2O fluxes significantly increased with high dissolved organic carbon content (70.77  ±  3.99  mg L−1) at R3 and at R8 stages whenNO3-(39.60  ±  0.94 mg L−1) concentrations were high.

scholarly journals Development of microbial community in the course of composting of garden waste

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Vítězová ◽  
Pavel Mach ◽  
Tomáš Vítěz ◽  
Tomáš Lošák
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Carbon To Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Bacterial Groups ◽  
Garden Waste

Composting represents one of the technologies of processing of biodegradable municipal waste. Samples collected from composting plants were analyzed chemically, physically and microbiologically. The pH of bio waste samples increased from 6.5 to 8.6. The total carbon to nitrogen ratio in samples of bio waste decreased, in the course of composting, from 40:1 up to the value of 25:1 while the total nitrogen to phosphorus ratio decreased from 10:1 up to 8:1. Indicator groups of microorganisms were monitored in compost samples. Representatives of Enterobacter genus, namely E. cloacae and E. aerogenes were identified in the samples on the basis of biochemical tests. The bacterial groups needed for efficient composting, i.e. order Bacillales and Actinomycetales, were present in appreciable amounts.

scholarly journals Stand heterogeneity of total carbon and nitrogen, and C/N ratio in soil of mountain meadows

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vranová ◽  
P. Formánek ◽  
K. Rejšek ◽  
D. Janouš
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Mountain Meadows ◽  
Natural Difference

This study was aimed at monitoring the relative and absolute stand heterogeneity of total carbon, total nitrogen and C/N ratio in Ah-Ae-Btg-Bt horizons of Gleyic Luvisol on one mountain meadow divided into two study plots: one moderately (once a season) mown (plant community of the Nardo-Callunetea class) and one abandoned for about 12 years (plant community of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class). The heterogeneities were evaluated more than 2 months after the mowing of the moderately mown meadow at the end of July 2005. Relative stand heterogeneity was expressed using coefficient of variation (CV), absolute stand heterogeneity using the differences between maximum and minimum value. When both meadows were taken into account, the relative stand heterogeneity of total carbon in individual horizons was < 65%, < 73% (total nitrogen), and < 93% (C/N). Lower relative and absolute stand heterogeneity of these parameters was mostly on the abandoned meadow. Relatively higher differences of stand heterogeneity between the meadows were evident in deeper parts of the soil (horizon Btg) and the lowest mainly in horizon Ah (or Bt). The accelerated accumulation of dead organic matter in the autumn caused the natural difference of these inputs not to be substantially eliminated by the presence or absence of mowing. Accelerated eluviation of organic compounds of higher nitrogen content significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the C/N ratio in the Bt horizon (n = 6–8) of the abandoned meadow.

Synthesized use of VisNIR DRS and PXRF for soil characterization: Total carbon and total nitrogen

Geoderma ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 243-244 ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Wang ◽  
Somsubhra Chakraborty ◽  
David C. Weindorf ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Aakriti Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Characterization

Differences in soil microbial response to anthropogenic disturbances in Sanjiang and Momoge Wetlands, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wei ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yuwan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Soil Microbial

Abstract To understand the response of soil microbial communities in different types of wetlands to anthropogenic disturbances, this study focused on a freshwater wetland (Sanjiang Wetland) and a salt marsh (Momoge Wetland) and sampled cultivated, degraded, and natural soils in these wetlands. High-throughput sequencing was applied to characterize the soil microbial community composition, and physicochemical properties, including pH, total nitrogen, total carbon, and soil water content (SWC), were measured. The results revealed that the total nitrogen, total carbon, and SWC were significantly lower in disturbed soil in the freshwater wetland but higher in the salt marsh. Generally, under anthropogenic disturbances, microbial community diversity decreased in the freshwater wetland and increased in the salt marsh. The bacterial community structure in the salt marsh was more sensitive than that in the freshwater wetland, while the fungal community structure in the freshwater wetland was more susceptible than that in the salt marsh. The results of indicator value analyses revealed specific issues in two wetlands, such as methane generation and anoxic conditions. This study shows that soil microbiomes in two types of wetlands respond differently to human activities, which implies that the type of native wetlands should be considered in the exploitation of wetlands.

The major organic components and caloric contents of high arctic bryophytes

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Pakarinen ◽  
Dale H. Vitt
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Free Alcohol ◽  
Devon Island ◽  
Soluble Fractions

Thirty-five bryophyte species representing the major habitats of a high arctic tundra lowland (Devon Island, Canada, 75° N) have been analyzed for contents of nitrogen, carbon, ash, and ether- and alcohol-soluble fractions. Mean contents (%) for the green portion of these species are total nitrogen, 1.00 (1.08 ash-free); total carbon, 45.9 (48.7 ash-free); ether-soluble fraction, 2.8 (3.0 ash-free); alcohol-soluble fraction, 11.8 (12.5 ash-free); and ash, 5.7. In the hydric species group, the total nitrogen content and the alcohol-soluble fraction are significantly greater than in mesic or xeric groups. When the green and brown segments are compared, the nitrogen content and the alcohol-soluble fraction are greater in the green portion, while the ash content is higher in the brown portion. The ash-free caloric values of hydric species range from 4.57 to 4.97 kcal/g, while the mesic and xeric species have a range from 4.50 to 4.69 kcal/g. The relations between habitats and between the green and brown portions are discussed in relation to general metabolic activity and productivity.

A preliminary testing of plant analysis procedures for the assessment of the sulfur status of oilseed rape

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Spencer ◽  
JR Freney ◽  
MB Jones
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Sulfur Supply ◽  
Diagnostic Index

The effects of sulfur and nitrogen supply on the distribution of sulfur in oilseed rape (Brassica napus cv. Oro) grown in a sulfur-deficient soil in a glasshouse were examined to provide basic information for the development of a diagnostic test for sulfur status. Even though the traditional diagnostic indices (total sulfur and sulfate concentration) were directly related to sulfur supply and exhibited wide ranges in values between deficient and non-deficient tissue, they suffered a number of drawbacks in the case of oilseed rape. The shape of the yield/composition relationship precludes the use of either total nitrogen to total sulfur ratio or the proportion of the total sulfur present as sulfate in very young plants as indices for predicting the adequacy of sulfur supply up to first seed set. However, either index looked promising at 59 days from sowing, especially if specific plant parts were selected for analysis. For diagnosis of the current sulfur status the proportion of the total sulfur present as sulfate gave a good indication at each sampling date, and the critical value for the shoots was relatively stable with respect to age and nitrogen supply. Total nitrogen to total sulfur ratio was satisfactory as a diagnostic index for the 59-day-old plants only. Whilst the relationships established between the indices on one hand, and plant part, age and nitrogen supply on the other, should also apply in the field environment, the magnitude of the critical ratios requires confirmation for practical application.

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