Somatic Embryogenesis: Forage Improvement using Synthetic Seeds and Plant Transformation

2015 ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Bryan D. McKersie ◽  
Steve R. Bowley
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Transformation ◽  
Synthetic Seeds

scholarly journals Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Vulnerable Medicinal Plant Hedychium spicatum Buch-Ham ex Smith

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Giri ◽  
Sushma Tamta
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Synthetic Seeds ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Secondary Embryogenesis ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Short Period

This protocol has been developed for somatic embryogenesis in Hedychium spicatum. Simultaneously, a method has also been developed for the production of synthetic seeds by using somatic embryos. Direct somatic embryos were developed on cotyledon explants of zygotic embryos on MS supplemented with high concentration of NAA (20.0 µM). Induction of secondary embryogenesis was best in 2,4-D supplemented medium fortified with activated charcoal. Germination of somatic embryos was enhanced by using GA3. Besides this, round and semi-hard beads of somatic embryos (synthetic seeds) could be produced by using 2% Na-alginate and 100 mM calcium chloride and more than 30% germination of synthetic seeds was achieved in MS. Well acclimated plants produced via somatic embryogenesis and/or synthetic seeds were transferred to field where more than 60% survived. This simple study enabled us to obtain a number of plantlets throughout the year each cycle requiring a short period of time. Besides propagation, this study provided an ex situ method for conservation of this vulnerable Himalayan species.D. O. I.http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i2.17506Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(2): 147-155, 2013  (December)

SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC SEEDS IN ZIZIPHUS

2013 ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sudhersan ◽  
S. Jibimanuel ◽  
J. Ashkanani
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Synthetic Seeds

Improvements in somatic embryogenesis protocol in Feijoa (Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret): Induction, conversion and synthetic seeds

2007 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Claudia Cangahuala-Inocente ◽  
Lírio Luiz Dal Vesco ◽  
Douglas Steinmacher ◽  
Antonio Carlos Torres ◽  
Miguel Pedro Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Synthetic Seeds ◽  
Acca Sellowiana

High frequency somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seed production of the endangered species Swertia chirayita

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Sheela Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Synthetic Seeds ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Swertia Chirayita

AbstractAn efficient protocol for plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis was established from in vivo leaf explants of Swertia chirayita, a critically endangered medicinal herb. The highest frequency (76%) of embryogenic callus was induced on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg/L kinetin (Kn) from in vivo leaf explants. Globular somatic embryos were induced and further matured from such embryogenic calli by subsequent culture on the same medium. The highest number of somatic embryos (48.83 ± 4.6) was recovered from embryogenic calli derived from leaf explants after 6 weeks of culture. Synthetic seeds were produced by encapsulating of torpedo stage embryos in sodium alginate (4% W/V) gel, dropped into 100 mM calcium chloride (CaCl2 · 2H2O) solution. The synthetic seeds were germinated on MS medium. The highest frequency of synthetic seed germination (84%) was observed on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. Regenerants were successfully acclimatized under ex vitro condition. This is the first report on synthetic seed production of S. chirayita. Application of these protocols would be helpful in reducing stress in natural habitat, and in long-term storage of elite genotypes through synthetic seed production.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis in goiabeira serrana: genotype response, auxinic shock and synthetic seeds

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL P. GUERRA ◽  
LIRIO L. DAL VESCO ◽  
JEAN PIERRE H.J. DUCROQUET ◽  
RUBENS O. NODARI ◽  
MAURÍCIO S. DOS REIS
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Synthetic Seeds ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Embryogenic Competence ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Genotype Response

The induction and control of in vitro somatic embryogenesis is dependent of a number of factors. The genotype of the mother plant donor of explants and the kind of auxin play essential roles in conferring embryogenic competence. Once obtained somatic embryos may be encapsulated in alginate originating synthetic seeds that can be stored at low temperatures. Considering this the present work aimed at the assessment of five different genotypes, five periods of 2,4-D shock (20 muM for 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks) (), and different substances supplemented to sodium alginate to obtain synthetic seeds. Zygotic embryos of Feijoa sellowiana were inoculated in basal LP medium (von Arnold and Erikson, 1981) supplemented with Morel’s vitamins, sucrose (3%) and phytagel (0.2%). The highest rates of somatic embryogenesis induction were observed in the genotypes 50-4 and 101. Shock of two weeks in 2,4-D conferred embryogenic competence in the same levels obtained with the shock of 8 weeks. Histological evaluations revealed the direct origin of the somatic embryos from the epidermic surface of cotyledons. Synthetic seeds containing MS salts and sucrose resulted in higher rates of contamination than capsules free of these substances. KNO3 (100 mM) resulted in the opening of 81.2% of the capsules as compared to 0% of opening in the treatment with water.

Somatic embryogenesis of Cyclamen persicum in liquid medium

1995 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Kreuger ◽  
Erik Postma ◽  
Yvon Brouwer ◽  
Gerrit-Jan van Holst
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Cyclamen Persicum

Plant transformation by microinjection techniques

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunther Neuhaus ◽  
German Spangenberg
Keyword(s):  
Plant Transformation ◽  
Microinjection Techniques

Somatic Embryogenesis and In vitro Plant Regeneration in Vigna trilobata (L.) Verd. - A Potential Pasture Legume

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
K. Choudhary ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
M. S. Rathore ◽  
N. S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pasture Legume

This long term study demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to propagate embryogenic Vigna trilobata and to subsequently initiate the differentiation of embryos into complete plantlets. Initiation of callus was possible on 2,4-D. Somatic embryos differentiated on modified MS basal nutrient medium with 1.0 mg/l  of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l  of Kn. Sustained cell division resulted in globular and heart shape stages of somatic embryos. Transfer of embryos on to a fresh modified MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/l of Kn and 0.5 mg/l of GA3 helped them to attain maturation and germination. However, the propagation of cells, as well as the differentiation of embryos, were inhibited by a continuous application of these growth regulators. For this reason, a long period on medium lacking these growth regulators was necessary before the differentiation of embryos occurred again. The consequences for improving the propagation of embryogenic cultures in Vigna species are discussed. Key words: Pasture  legume, Vigna trilobata, Globular, Heart shape, somatic embryogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(1): 89-99, 2009 (June)

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