Plant Introductions: The Foundation of North American Forage Legume Cultivar Development

Anthocyanin indexes, quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin may provide industry with potential new medicines or nutraceuticals. Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik) leaves from 42 plant introductions (PI) were analyzed for anthocyanin indexes while both leaves and fruit were used for quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin concentration analysis by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Leaf anthocyanin indexes ranged from 6.15 to 11.25 among PI. Leaf quercetin and kaempferol concentrations ranged from 1.50 to 4.79 mg/g and 0.43 to 2.17 mg/g, respectively. Fruit quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin concentrations ranged from 0.061 to 0.266 mg/g, 0.054 to 0.734 mg/g, and 0 to 35.87 μg/g, respectively. Significant differences in leaf weight were also observed. Significant correlations were found between several traits. This information regarding anthocyanin indexes, quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin concentrations will be useful for velvetleaf cultivar development. Breeders and other scientists could use this germplasm that contains high concentrations of anthocyanins, quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin to develop new medicines or nutraceuticals from an extremely useful weedy species.

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Use of Plant Introductions in Peanut Cultivar Development

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-28-2-11 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 96-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

T. G.. Isleib ◽

C. C. Holbrook ◽

D. W. Gorbet

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Plant Introductions ◽

Cultivar Development ◽

Genetic Base ◽

Breeding Populations ◽

Sclerotinia Blight ◽

Production Areas ◽

Wilt Virus

Abstract The genetic base of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the U.S.A. has at times been extremely narrow, particularly in specific production areas where a single cultivar may be grown in near-monoculture. Because peanut is not a native North American species, all U.S. cultivars necessarily trace their ancestry to plant introductions (PIs), but most of the genetic base of current cultivars rests on selections from farmer-stock peanuts of obscure origin. The objectives of this study were to (a) summarize and document the use of introduced genetic resources in cultivar development and (b) estimate the resulting economic impact. Different PIs were used as parents in early breeding programs. B.B. Higgins used Gambian line Basse as a parent of the GA 207 cross that gave rise to selections used in Georgia, Florida, and North Carolina as the basis for further improvement. PI 121067 was one of seven parents used by W.C. Gregory to initiate the program in North Carolina. A different set of PIs including PI 121070, PI 161317, PI 168661, and A. monticola Krapov. & Rigoni were used in the Texas and Oklahoma programs. Recycling of lines as parents and exchange of germplasm among breeding programs proliferated these PIs in the pedigrees of cultivars released since 1960. Over the past 20 yr, there have been concerted efforts to incorporate additional germplasm into U.S. breeding populations, usually with the purpose of improving resistance to diseases or pests, but also with the objective of broadening the genetic base. These efforts have had a significant economic impact on U.S. peanut farmers, the largest from the development of cultivars with resistance to Sclerotinia blight (Sclerotinia minor Jagger), root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), and tomato spotted wilt virus. Use of these resistant cultivars has an economic impact of more than $200 million annually for U.S. peanut producers. In the runner and virginia market types, the average PI ancestry of all cultivars was 17.9%. There are several examples of successful cultivars with up to 25% ancestry from a single PI, including Georgia Green and NC-V11. In the spanish market type, most successful cultivars have derived 50% or more of their ancestry from PIs. Several recent or impending releases incorporate PI germplasm but have not yet been proven in the U.S. seed market.

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Use of Plant Introductions in Sugarcane Cultivar Development

Use of Plant Introductions in Cultivar Development Part 2 - CSSA Special Publications ◽

10.2135/cssaspecpub20.c6 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 137-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. D. Miller ◽

P. Y. P. Tai

Keyword(s):

Sugarcane Cultivar ◽

Plant Introductions ◽

Cultivar Development

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New Plants for Florida: Forage

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ag219-2003 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 2003 (14) ◽

Author(s):

Richard L. Jones ◽

Mary Duryea ◽

Berry J. Treat

Keyword(s):

Cooperative Extension Service ◽

Publication Date ◽

Forage Legume ◽

Agricultural Experiment Station ◽

Communication Services ◽

University Of Florida ◽

Plant Introductions ◽

Florida Agricultural Experiment Station ◽

New Varieties ◽

Agricultural Experiment

Forage improvement research at the FAES traces to its earliest days – the first forage grass variety was released in 1892, and the first forage legume variety was released in 1896. By 1915, almost 1700 plant introductions had been tested and evaluated as potential new varieties. This document is part of Circular 1440, a publication of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, the Agronomy Department and IFAS Communication Services, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date August 2003. Originally published as a booklet by IFAS Communication Services June 2003.

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