International Wheat Breeding: Genetic Diversity for Yield Potential, Yield Stability, and Improved Adaptability

2015 ◽  
pp. 241-252
Author(s):  
S. Rajaram
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Potential Yield

scholarly journals Screening for Drought Tolerance in Thirty Three Taro Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
José F.T. GANANÇA ◽  
José G.R. FREITAS ◽  
Humberto G.M. NÓBREGA ◽  
Vanessa RODRIGUES ◽  
Gonçalo ANTUNES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Local Cultivars ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Long Duration

Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] is a root crop which is an important staple food in many regions of the world, producing 10.5 million tonnes on 1.4 million hectares a year. The crop is cultivated in wet (rain fed) or irrigated conditions, requiring on average 2,500 mm water per year, and in many countries it is cultivated in flooded plots. It is estimated that taro production could decrease by 40% as a result of the increase in drought and other severe events. In this work, thirty three accessions, including local cultivars, selected and hybrid lines were submitted to long duration drought stress and screened for tolerance. Twelve physiological, morphological and agronomic traits were measured at harvest, and subject to multivariate analysis. Stress indices, Water Use Efficiency and Factorial Analysis were useful for discriminating accessions regarding drought tolerance and yield stability, and drought tolerant and susceptible cultivars were identified. Our results confirm that different taro cultivars have different drought avoidance and tolerance strategies to cope with water scarcity. Better yield performers minimised biomass and canopy loss, while tolerance was observed in cultivars that presented low potential yield, but efficiently transferred resources to enhance corm formation. Among the 33 accessions, two local cultivars showed high yield stability and could be considered as suitable parents for breeding programs, while two others are well adapted to drought, but with overall low yield potential.

scholarly journals Identification of the genetic diversity of sweet potato germplasm based on quantitative morphological characters

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Febria Cahya Indriani ◽  
Joko Restuono ◽  
Wiwit Rahajeng ◽  
Nia Romania Patriyawaty ◽  
Sumeru Ashari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Flesh Colour ◽  
Potato Germplasm

Abstract Sweet potato is one of the prospective food crops to be used as an export commodity. Information on genetic diversity of sweet potato is needed as a consideration for the improvement of superior sweet potato varieties that have export quality. The research was conducted in Wringin Songo village, Tumpang, Malang Regency. The materials used were 150 sweetpotato accessions in total that consisting of: 19 superior varieties, 38 local clones, 1 introduced variety and 92 promising clones. This experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD) with two replications. The qquantitative morphological variables such as: potential yield, tuber weight, dry matter, stover weight, harvest index and number of tubers plot−1 were observed. The results showed that the genetic diversity was quite high in the sweet potato germplasm, there were 41 clones that had yield potential (≥ 30 t ha−1). Some of these clones were prospective to be used as parents for crossing due to their ability to flower. Two sweet potato clones (MSU 10001-18 and MSU 07030-64) with dark purple flesh colour, Kidal variety with yelow flesh color and above 30% tuber dry matter have the criteria required for export market.

Evaluation of castorbean samples by economically - valuable traits

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Ricinolic Acid

Castor oil (Ricinus communus L.) is an important commercial product. The climatic conditions of Ukraine determine the possibility of growing the castor as an annual crop. At the Institute of Oilseeds NAAS studied castor collection. The aim of the work was the selection of the most promising samples of castor oil, combining a large yield potential in a narrow range of vertical distribution for optimal technological parameters of mechanical harvesting with a high content of oil in seeds and ricinolic acid in oil. In the experience of 2015-2016, the manifestation of morphological features of 17 castor bean samples was studied. The height of plants, individual samples among themselves differed more than twice. Long-brush samples of ЕР118, К374, М203, К159 are distinguished on the basis of the length of the brush. The shortest brush was observed in sample K1008. The length of the productive brush in the studied samples is from 10.7 to 32.9 cm. Most castor bean samples under favorable conditions form brushes of the second and higher orders. According to this parameter, samples of Ep118 and selection No. 38 with four inflorescences of the second order are of the greatest interest. The largest brushes of the second order are similar in size to the brushes of the first order were observed in the samples: К1127, К810, К153. The adaptability of harvesting castor beads requires that the brushes of the first and second order coincide in height with each other, since the harvester can take a maximum of 60 cm. For the sum of the productive brushes of the first and second orders, the greatest potential yield will be provided by samples K159 and K1127. Among the studied collection stands out the small seed sample K159 and the large seed samples - PRL41 and K80. The average oil content in the seeds of the collection was from 52 to 61.4%. Sample38 had the highest oil content. The content of ricinolic acid in the collection was from 70.9 to 82.9%. Samples were isolated: К134, К1008, PRL41, К430 with the content of ricinoleic acid more than 80%. The results of the study of all parameters make it possible to isolate valuable technological samples. Sample K1064 with a high technological potential of productivity, with a seed oil content of 57.2%, has a not very high content of ricinoleic acid of 74.3%. Sample K1127 with an oil content of 58.6%, a mass of 1000 seeds of 265 g, a high potential of productive brushes has a wide variation in the arrangement of brushes. Sample K134 with a oil content of 57.1%, ricinoleic acid content of 80.7% has small second-order brushes and can be used as a single-cysts in a thicker seeding.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Selected Rice Genotypes under Water Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gaballah ◽  
Azza M. Metwally ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is the most challenging abiotic stress for rice production in the world. Thus, developing new rice genotype tolerance to water scarcity is one of the best strategies to achieve and maximize high yield potential with water savings. The study aims to characterize 16 rice genotypes for grain and agronomic parameters under normal and drought stress conditions, and genetic differentiation, by determining specific DNA markers related to drought tolerance using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers and grouping cultivars, establishing their genetic relationship for different traits. The experiment was conducted under irrigated (normal) and water stress conditions. Mean squares due to genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for major traits. For the number of panicles/plants, the genotypes Giza179, IET1444, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 showed the maximum mean values. The required sterility percentage values were produced by genotypes IET1444, Giza178, Hybrid2, and Giza179, while, Sakha101, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 achieved the highest values of grain yield/plant. The genotypes Giza178, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2, produced maximum values for water use efficiency. The effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.20 alleles to 3.0 alleles with an average of 1.28 alleles, and the He values for all SSR markers used varied from 0.94 to 1.00 with an average of 0.98. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR were varied from 0.83 to 0.99, with an average of 0.95 along with a highly significant correlation between PIC values and the number of amplified alleles detected per locus. The highest similarity coefficient between Giza181 and Giza182 (Indica type) was observed and are susceptible to drought stress. High similarity percentage between the genotypes (japonica type; Sakha104 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.45), Sakha101 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.40), Sakha105 with Hybrid1 (0.40), Hybrid1 with Giza178 (0.40) and GZ1368-S-5-4 with Giza181 (0.40)) was also observed, which are also susceptible to drought stress. All genotypes are grouped into two major clusters in the dendrogram at 66% similarity based on Jaccard’s similarity index. The first cluster (A) was divided into two minor groups A1 and A2, in which A1 had two groups A1-1 and A1-2, containing drought-tolerant genotypes like IET1444, GZ1386-S-5-4 and Hybrid1. On the other hand, the A1-2 cluster divided into A1-2-1 containing Hybrid2 genotype and A1-2-2 containing Giza179 and Giza178 at coefficient 0.91, showing moderate tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes GZ1368-S-5-4, IET1444, Giza 178, and Giza179, could be included as appropriate materials for developing a drought-tolerant variety breeding program. Genetic diversity to grow new rice cultivars that combine drought tolerance with high grain yields is essential to maintaining food security.

Genetic Diversity of Local Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes Based on Agronomic Traits and Yield Potential in North Buton, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budianti Kadidaa ◽  
Gusti Ray Sadimantar ◽  
Suaib . ◽  
La Ode Safuan ◽  
Muhidin .
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Yield Potential

scholarly journals A Review of Industrial Crop Yield Performances on Unfavorable Soil Types

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2382
Author(s):  
Jana Reinhardt ◽  
Pia Hilgert ◽  
Moritz Von Cossel
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Indirect Land Use Change ◽  
Industrial Crop ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Marginal Agricultural Land ◽  
The Impact

Industrial crop cultivation on marginal agricultural land limits indirect land-use change effects that pose a threat to food security. This review compiles results from 91 published crop-specific field trial datasets spanning 12 relevant industrial crops and discusses their suitability for cultivation on unfavorable soil types (USTs). It was shown that the perennial species Miscanthus (Miscanthus Andersson) and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) performed well on USTs with both high clay and/or high sand contents. Information on stoniness (particles sizes > 2 mm), where mentioned, was limited. It was found to have only a small impact on biological yield potential, though it was not possible to assess the impact on mechanization as would be used at a commercial scale. For soils with extreme clay or sand contents, half of the crops showed moderate suitability. The large yield variations within and between crops revealed large knowledge gaps in the combined effects of crop type and agronomy on USTs. Therefore, more field trials are needed on diverse USTs in different climates with better equipment and more consistent measurements to improve the accuracy of potential yield predictions spatially and temporally. Additionally, larger trials are needed to optimize cultivation and harvesting.

scholarly journals Model Simulasi dan Visualisasi Prediksi Potensi Hasil dan Produksi Kedelai di Jawa Timur

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Bambang S. Koentjoro ◽  
Imas S. Sitanggang ◽  
Abdul Karim Makarim
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Growth Simulator

<p>The prediction of national soybean yield and production could be improved its accuracy by integrating a simulation model and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The objective of this research was to integrate a simulation model with a GIS, to predict the potential yield and production of soybean in the soybean production centers of East Java. This study was conducted from December 2013 till May 2014. The approach used in this study was a systems approach using a simulation model as solution to the problem. The model is SUCROS.SIM (Simple Universal Crops Growth Simulator), which was written using Powersim software and Spreadsheet in order to be fully integrated with GIS. The initial phase of the integration process between SUCROS.SIM and GIS are as follows (a) model validation, using input data of soybean plant assimilate partitioning, (b) climatic data (solar radiation, maximum and minimum temperatures) collected from the climatological station (BMKG) Karangploso Malang and (c) observation data of soybean yields of two varieties (Wilis and Argomulyo) at Muneng Experiment Station. It was found that the coefficients of determination of simulation model of soybean yield potential (R2) range from 0.945-0.992 and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) values range from 0.11 to 0.25 t/ha. The average of soybean yield potential and production in 2012 at soybean production centers of East Java were 1.94 t/ha and 293,459 ton, respectively. The conclusion is SUCROS.SIM valid to be integrated with GIS.</p>

scholarly journals PENENTUAN WAKTU TANAM PADI SAWAH DI KABUPATEN SANGIHE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL SIMULASI SHIERARY RICE

EUGENIA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Fattah ◽  
J. E.X. Rogi ◽  
Mariam M. Toding
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
The North ◽  
Humidity Field

ABSTRACT   Decline in rice production in Sangihe Island partly due to climate change and the implementation of a less precise planting time. Rice Shierary  model was used to predict the timing of planting paddy and has advantages in time and cost savings. This study aims to determine the exact time of planting in paddy rice crops in the district of South Manganitu, North Tabukan and Tamako, as well as to determine whether the results of the simulation model Shierary Rice together with the results obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistic Sangihe Islands. Input model consists of solar radiation, rainfall, temperature and humidity, field capacity, permanent wilting point, varieties, irrigation, nitrogen fertilization, longitude and latitude of the study area. While the output was paddy rice yield potential. It can be concluded that (a) the appropriate planting time of paddy in the South Manganitu namely in June with a potential yield of 4.25 tonha-1 and March with a potential yield of 3.88 tonha-1. (b) the appropriate planting time of paddy in the  North Tabukan namely in June with a potential yield of 4.27 tonha-1 and March with a potential yield of 3.62 tonha-1. (c) the appropriate planting time of paddy in Tamako ie in March with a potential yield of 3.58 tonha-1 and February with a potential yield of 3.28 tonha-1. (d) the yield of rice field paddy with the determination of planting time by using the model of Shierary Rice nearing/line with productivity results which obtained by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) Sangihe Islands. Keywords: planting, paddy, simulation models, Shierary Rice

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