Opportunities for Reducing Chemical Inputs for Insect Control in Farming Systems

2015 ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
V. L. Delucchi
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Chemical Inputs

Organic Farming For Sustainable Agriculture: A Comparative Analysis Of Organic Versus Conventional Rice And Cotton

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-207
Author(s):  
R.V. Sujatha ◽  
K. Suhasini ◽  
Y. Eswara Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Oil Seeds ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Chemical Inputs

Organic farming is not new to Indian farming community.  Several forms of organic farming are being successfully practiced in diverse climate, particularly in rain-fed, tribal, mountains and hill areas of the country. Among all farming systems, organic farming is gaining wide attention among farmers, entrepreneurs, policy makers and agricultural scientists for varied reasons such as  it minimizes the dependence on chemical inputs (fertilizers; pesticides; herbicides and other agro-chemicals) thus safeguards/ improves quality of resources, and environment. It is labour intensive and provides an opportunity to increase rural employment and achieve long term improvements in the quality of resource base.Organic farming has received considerable attention in India in the recent past. In India, the per cent area under organic farming is only 0.03 per cent of the total area under agriculture when compared to Austria (11.30%), Switzerland (9.70%) and Italy (7.94%) according to SOEL Survey, February 2003. Some of the major organically produced agricultural crops in India include crops like plantation, spices, pulses, fruits, vegetables and oil seeds etc

scholarly journals Control of Common Bunt in Organic Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Matanguihan ◽  
K. M. Murphy ◽  
S. S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Bunt Resistance

Common bunt, caused by the seedborne and soilborne pathogens Tilletia caries and T. laevis, has re-emerged as a major disease in organic wheat. In conventional agriculture, common bunt is routinely managed with the use of synthetic chemical seed treatments. For this reason, common bunt is a relatively unimportant disease in conventional agriculture. However, since synthetic chemical inputs are prohibited in organic agriculture, common bunt is a major threat once more in organic wheat and seed production. The challenge today is to manage the disease without the use of chemical seed treatments. This review reports on the management of common bunt under organic farming systems, mainly through host resistance and organic seed treatments. We report the history of screening wheat germplasm for bunt resistance, the search for new sources of resistance, and identification and mapping of bunt resistance genes. Since the pathogen has a gene-for-gene relationship with the host, this review also includes a summary of work on pathogen race identification and virulence patterns of field isolates. Also included are studies on the physiological and molecular basis of host resistance. Alternative seed treatments are discussed, including physical seed treatments, and microbial-based and plant-based treatments acceptable in organic systems. The article concludes with a brief discussion on the current gaps in research on the management of common bunt in organic wheat.

Design, assessment and feasibility of legume-based cropping systems in three European regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pelzer ◽  
C. Bourlet ◽  
G. Carlsson ◽  
R. J. Lopez-Bellido ◽  
E. S. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Design Assessment ◽  
Chemical Inputs

Grain legumes in cropping systems result in agronomic and environmental benefits. Nevertheless, their areas in Europe have strongly decreased over the past decades. Our aim was to design locally adapted innovative cropping systems including grain legumes for three European local pedoclimatic contexts, to assess their sustainability, and to discuss their feasibility with stakeholders. The methodology included an initial diagnosis of the most frequent cropping systems and local improvement targets in each local context (e.g. improve legume profitability, limit diseases of legumes, reduce intensive use of chemical inputs in cropping systems), the design of innovative legume-based cropping systems during a common workshop, focusing on three aims ((i) decrease pesticide use, (ii) reduce mineral N fertiliser dependency, and (iii) increase yield stability of grain legume crops and other crops of the crop sequence), and their multicriteria sustainability assessment. Stakeholders meetings were organised in each local context to discuss the feasibility of implementing the innovative cropping systems in farmers’ fields (technical implementation of cropping systems and possibility of development of legume sectors). Four to five cropping systems were designed in each local context, with crop sequences longer than references. They included at least two grain legumes (pea, faba bean, chickpea, lentil or lupine), as sole crops or intercropped with cereals. Overall sustainability was similar or improved in 71% of the legume-based cropping systems compared with their corresponding references. Among the designed cropping systems, stakeholders identified feasible ones considering both technical issues and development of legume sectors. The results indicate that reintegrating more grain legumes in the three European local contexts tested will contribute to more sustainable farming systems.

scholarly journals Effects of Consumer Preferences on Environmentally Friendly Tomatoes in Myanmar

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Myo Sabai Aye ◽  
Yoshifumi Takahashi ◽  
Mitsuyasu Yabe
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Certification Programs ◽  
Chemical Inputs

Environmentally and economically sustainable agricultural production systems are crucial to conserve natural resources and the environment as well as to protect human health. In recent years, Myanmar, one of the agricultural-resource-rich developing countries, is confronting land degradation, environmental pollution, and food safety issues due to intensive agricultural methods that use high dosages of agro-chemical inputs. Myanmar environmental farming systems and the market for environmentally certified products are still under developed. Determining consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay for environmentally certified products are vitally important to develop safe food markets. In this study, the choice experiment method was applied to examine consumer preference and the potential demand for environmentally friendly tomatoes. Using a sructured questionnaire in face to face interviews, the study collected information from 332 consumers in 8 supermarkets, and 4 open markets in Yangon city. Our results informed that most of the respondents in both markets have a positive WTP for an increase in each attribute. The supermarket respondents paid attentions to food safety labels, and it had the highest MWTP 2067.170 MMK (1.53 USD) relative to the other attributes. Our results suggest that policymakers and producers must enhance consumers’ knowledge of what is an eco-product and how to differentiate it in the market place and emphasize the improvement of food safety certification programs.

scholarly journals Organic farming: Present status, scope and prospects in northern India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2272-2279
Author(s):  
Sartaj A. Wani ◽  
Muneeb Ahmad Wani ◽  
Sheikh Mehraj ◽  
Bilal A. Padder ◽  
Subhash Chand
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Natural Resource Base

Organic agriculture has emerged as an important priority area globally in view of the growing consciousness for safe and healthy food, long term sustainability and environmental concerns despite being contentious in history. Green revolution although paved way for developing countries in self-sufficiency of food but sustaining production against the limited natural resource base demands has shifted steadily from “resource degrading” chemical agriculture to “resource protective” organic agriculture. The essential concept remains the same, i.e., to go back to the arms of nature and take up organic farming to restore the loss. Organic farming emphasizes on rotating crops, managing pests, diversifying crops and livestock and improving the soil. The rainfed areas particularly north-eastern regions where least or no utilization of chemical inputs due to poor resources provides considerable opportunity for promotion of organic farming thereby reflecting its vast but unexplored scope. However, significant barriers like yield reduction, soil fertility enhancement, integration of livestock, marketing and policy etc., arise at both macroscopic and microscopic levels; making practically impossible the complete adoption of ‘pure organic farming’; rather some specific area can be diverted to organic farming and thus a blend of organic and other innovative farming systems is needed. Adoption of Integrated Green Revolution Farming can be possible to a large extent, where the basic trends of green revolution are retained with greater efficiency and closer compatibility to the environment. This review paper attempts to present the recent global and regional scenario of organic farming particularly highlighting the scope, prospects and constraints in the northern areas.

Pests of germinating grain crops in southern Australia: an overview of their biology and management options

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Micic ◽  
A. A. Hoffmann ◽  
G. Strickland ◽  
A. R. Weeks ◽  
J. Bellati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Chemical Inputs

Grain crops in southern Australia are subject to attack by countless pests, with greater than 40 invertebrate species threatening seedling establishment. Control tactics for crop establishment pests rely heavily on the application of pesticides, especially in canola, which is the most susceptible crop to invertebrate damage. There is genuine interest in integrated pest management (IPM) among growers, but relatively little adoption of classical IPM in broadacre farming in southern Australia. The driving forces behind the lack of adoption are unknown, although over-reliance on broad-spectrum pesticides – which are inexpensive and often applied prophylactically as a means of negating the need to monitor crops – is undoubtedly a key factor. Recent control failures against important pests due to pesticide resistance, increased restrictions on pesticide applications, environmental concerns about pesticide applications and strong support for grain quality assurance programs by exporters, highlight the need to consider IPM principles as a means of reducing chemical inputs. IPM guidelines for broadacre farming systems are limited in scope and there is a need to develop practical management tools that encompass a whole system approach. This paper provides an overview of the main invertebrate pests affecting crop establishment and identifies gaps hindering the wide-scale adoption of IPM.

Nitrogen fertilizer value of cattle manure applied on soils originating from organic and conventional farming systems

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 789-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Langmeier ◽  
Emmanuel Frossard ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Paul Mäder ◽  
David Dubois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Organic And Conventional Farming

Farmers' needs for management, research and extension, and policy - findings of a farmers' workshop and their implications

1992 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
A.F. Mcrae
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Business Objectives ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Farming Systems Research

Farmers' objectives, their circumstances and the constraints they face are central to any consideration of ways and means of improving farming systems. The management, research and extension, and policy needs of the farmers attending this workshop were diverse. This appeared to be linked with the (unexpected) degree of diversity in the business objectives and management structures on these farms. More formal research on these issues across the spectrum of farmers is required to ensure that research and technology transfer meet the industry's needs. Keywords farming systems, research, technology transfer, objectives

A REVIEW OF 10 YEARS' RESEARCH WITH RED CLOVERS UNDER GRAZING IN SOUTHLAND

1989 ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
R.J.M. Hay ◽  
D.L. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Heavy Weight ◽  
Widespread Acceptance ◽  
Summer Growth

In a series of trials at Grasslands Gore, over 10 years, the late-flowering tetraploid red clover 'Grassland Pawera' was more productive and persistent than other red clover cultivars. The strong summer growth of Pawera meets the need for heavy-weight lamb feed and high quality forage for conservation in intensive sheep farming systems in Southland. Lenient. infrequent defoliation is necessary to maximise DM production and persistence of Pawera. The most compatible of the grasses evaluated was 'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue. However, 'Grasslands Nui' ryegrass will still be the major grass sown with Pawera owing to its widespread acceptance. In ryegrass mixtures, sowing rates of 5-7 kg/ha of red clover were needed to optimise establishment and subsequent yield. Evidence of oestrogenic activity of Pewera to sheep prompted Grasslands Division to select within Pawera for a low formononetin cultivar. Keywords: red clover, Pawera. Hamua, Turoa. G21. G22, G27. oestrogenic activity, Nui ryegrass, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris. Southland, sheep grazing, frequency, intensity, quality. seasonal growth

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